CPTPP国有企业规则与深化国有企业改革  

CPTPP’s Disciplines on State-owned Enterprises and Deepening the Reform of State-Owned Enterprises

作　　者：张军旗[1] 田书凡 ZHANG Jun-qi;TIAN Shu-fan(School of Law,Shanghai University of Finance and Economics,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学法学院,上海200433

出　　处：《西部论坛》2023年第4期61-76,共16页West Forum

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(18BFX207)。

摘　　要：《全面与进步跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》(CPTPP)延续了《跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》(TPP)将国有企业议题单独成章的做法,并设置了较私营企业更严格的条款:重新定义国有企业以增强规制的针对性(重点针对中央一级政府所有或控制的、从事商业活动的大型国有企业),扩张非歧视原则(不仅包含最惠国待遇,还包含国民待遇)以强化国有企业的义务,将商业考虑原则作为国有企业的一项独立义务,扩大国有企业补贴规则的适用范围、明确国有企业作为补贴主体的适格性,设定更全面更高标准的国有企业透明度义务。CPTPP国有企业规则及其背后的竞争中立原则与国有企业改革具有目标一致性,但由于过去的国有企业改革较少考虑国际市场的制约因素,国内规则与国际规则未能实现良好衔接,申请加入CPTPP则为深化国有企业改革和加快制度型开放提供了双重契机。应优化国有企业分类改革,减少政府对商业类国有企业的干预,清理不合理的补贴政策,促进国内规则与国际规制接轨;同时,还应积极参与国际经贸谈判,为国有企业改革和转型争取更多的空间和时间,并推动国际经贸规则朝更加公平的方向发展。In recent years,state-owned enterprises have attracted more and more attention in the field of international trade.On the one hand,the share and importance of state-owned enterprises in international trade have become more and more significant.On the other hand,the existence of state ownership makes state-owned enterprises different from general market players as state-owned enterprises are relatively easier to obtain unfair competitive advantages.Against this background,the Trans-Pacific Partnership(TPP)created a chapter on state-owned enterprises for the first time,setting additional rules for state-owned enterprises.Although TPP was eventually aborted,the state-owned enterprise chapter was fully retained by the Comprehensive Progressive Trans-Pacific Partnership(CPTPP).On September 16th,2021,China officially applied to join CPTPP.State-owned enterprises play an important role in China’s national economy,and strict rules for state-owned enterprises will be a major challenge for China to join CPTPP.This paper mainly adopts the normative analysis method to conduct a detailed study of state-owned enterprise rules of CPTPP,and compares them with the existing WTO rules to clarify the differences between the old and new rules.In comparison,CPTPP has expanded the scope of state-owned enterprises,included more enterprises in the regulation of the state-owned enterprise chapter,and set up subsidy rules specifically for state-owned enterprises,bypassing the originally controversial issue of public body.In addition,commercial consideration has become an independent obligation of state-owned enterprises,and the transparency rules have also been strengthened to a certain extent.In fact,the requirements of the CPTPP state-owned enterprise rules and the principle of competition neutrality behind them are consistent with the goals of China’s ongoing state-owned enterprise reform.However,in the past,China’s state-owned enterprise reform paid little attention to the constraints of the international market,which resulted in

关 键 词：CPTPP 国有企业改革 非商业援助 透明度规则 非歧视待遇 商业考虑 竞争中立 

分 类 号：F744[经济管理—国际贸易] F276.1[经济管理—产业经济]