转炉底吹O_(2)-石灰粉技术的发展现状及展望  

Development status and prospects of bottom-blown O_(2)-CaO technology in converter steelmaking process

作　　者：董凯[1,2,3] 王春阳 朱荣[1,2,3] 刘润藻[2] 任鑫 刘文娟[4] DONG Kai;WANG Chunyang;ZHU Rong;LIU Runzao;REN Xin;LIU Wenjuan(Institute for Carbon Neutrality,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering School,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Special Melting and Preparation of High-End Metal Materials,Beijing 100083,China;School of Advanced Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学碳中和研究院,北京100083 [2]北京科技大学冶金与生态工程学院,北京100083 [3]高端金属材料特种熔炼与制备北京市重点实验室,北京100083 [4]北京科技大学高等工程师学院,北京100083

出　　处：《钢铁》2023年第8期13-24,共12页Iron and Steel

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52074024,52004023,51974024);中国宝武低碳冶金创新基金资助项目(BWLCF202108)。

摘　　要：为了实现转炉绿色洁净化生产并满足高废钢比冶炼的需求,具有高效、洁净、低碳等冶金优势的底吹O_(2)-石灰粉技术成为了研究热点。总结了转炉底吹O_(2)-石灰粉技术的发展历程和应用现状,该技术在应用中呈现出控制系统高度集成、冶金指标优异,成本低等优势,但存在炉底寿命短、生产成本优势有限、应用规模不高的问题。3种代表性技术为顶底复合吹炼转炉炼钢法(K-BOP法)、顶底复吹转炉底喷石灰粉法(K-OBM法)和转炉底吹O_(2)-CO_(2)-石灰粉技术。K-BOP法和K-OBM法均采用活动式炉底,炉底安装多支环缝式底吹元件将O_(2)和石灰粉喷入炉内,环缝采用气态碳氢化合物作为冷却气。K-OBM法还实现了从装料到溅渣过程的全自动冶炼,可100%不倒炉出钢,具有高质量、高效率、一致性和低成本的特点。北京科技大学自主研发的转炉底吹O_(2)-CO_(2)-石灰粉技术采用全自动冶炼,将CO_(2)混入底吹O_(2)中利用其与钢液元素反应的吸热效应、弱氧化性、气泡增殖和不增氮氢的特性,降低底吹火点区温度,延长底吹元件寿命,提高冶金效果,具有高效洁净、绿色低碳和低成本的冶金特点。最后,立足于低碳发展战略,对转炉底吹O_(2)-石灰粉技术的发展趋势进行思考,提出转炉底喷粉技术需攻克侵蚀难题,匹配转炉安全长寿冶炼、扩展喷粉功能以适应低碳炼钢的需求、升级自动控制系统以适配“全智能转炉”的冶炼,解析底吹O_(2)-CO_(2)-石灰粉转炉反应机理以开发适配的工艺制度,中国底喷粉技术将进入蓬勃发展期。In order to achieve green and clean production in BOF steelmaking and to meet the requirements of high scrap ratio smelting,the bottom-blown O_(2)-CaO technology with metallurgical advantages such as high efficiency,cleanliness and low carbon has become a research hotspot.The development history and application status of bottom-blown O_(2)-CaO technology in BOF steelmaking are summarized.The advantages of application in converter for high integration of control system,excellent metallurgical targets and low cost are presented in industrial applications.However,some problems are still existing which including short life for the bottom of furnace,the limited production cost advantages,small scale applications.Typical technologies including top and bottom blown converter steelmaking(K-BOP method),bottom blown CaO powder technology in top and bottom mixed blowing converter(KOBM method),bottom-blown O_(2)-CO_(2)-CaO technology.The movable furnace bottom is used in K-BOP converter and K-OBM converter.The O_(2)-CaO are sprayed into the furnace with multiple annulus bottom blowing elements,propane is blown into the annulus as cooling gas.The K-OBM method also achieves fully automatic smelting from charging to slag splashing,100%steel can be discharged without reversing the furnace.Consistency,high quality,high efficiency and low cost.The bottom-blown O_(2)-CO_(2)-CaO technology developed independently by USTB adopts fully automated smelting.The CO_(2)is mixed into O_(2)to take advantage of its heat absorption effect,weak oxidation,bubble multiplication and non-increasing nitrogen and hydrogen characteristics,to reduce the temperature of the bottom-blown fire-spot zone and extend the life of the bottom-blown components.It has the characteristics of high efficiency and clean,green and low carbon and low cost.In the end,we think about the development trend of the bottom-blown O_(2)-CaO technology based on the low-carbon development strategy.And proposed that we should overcome erosion problems to match the safety and longev

关 键 词：转炉炼钢 K-BOP法 K-OBM法 底吹O_(2)-CO_(2)-石灰粉技术 绿色高效 安全长寿 自动控制 

分 类 号：TF7[冶金工程—钢铁冶金]