金属有机框架衍生碳纳米材料的精准合成与应用进展  

Recent Progress of MOF-derived Carbon-based Nanomaterials:Precise Synthesis and Applications

作　　者：赵玉友 卢巍 ZHAO Yuyou;LU Wei(Dalian No.1 Middle School,Dalian 116014,China;Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Dalian 116023,China;The Shangjun Energy Laboratory of China sciences and Qin Chuang Yuan,Yulin Branch,Dalian National Laboratory For Clean Energy,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanxi Key laboratory of Clean Energy Technology Utilization,Yulin 719053,China)

机构地区：[1]大连市第一中学,辽宁大连116014 [2]中国科学院大连化学物理研究所,辽宁大连116023 [3]榆林中科洁净能源创新研究院陕西省能源清洁利用技术重点实验室中科秦创原上郡能源实验室,陕西榆林719053

出　　处：《合成化学》2023年第9期729-739,共11页Chinese Journal of Synthetic Chemistry

基　　金：大连市支持高层次人才创新创业项目(2020RQ039)。

摘　　要：碳基材料因其比表面积大、热稳定性和化学稳定性好而被广泛应用于化工、能源、环保等领域。金属有机框架(MOFs)材料具有结构丰富、比表面积大、电导率理想和孔隙率可控的特点,已经成为碳基材料优良的前驱体。以MOFs为模板,通过合成工艺调控以及特定官能团、元素掺杂等方式修饰后获得的功能性碳纳米材料,保留MOFs的特殊结构的同时,还可以调整碳材料结构组成与形貌特点,改善碳材料结构有序性等,达到精准合成的目的。此外,杂原子(如N、S和P等)的引入也能提升MOFs碳基材料的性能,使MOFs衍生碳具有更加广泛的应用潜力。本文综述了近年来以MOFs为前驱体,利用不同MOFs的特点精准合成特殊结构的碳纳米材料,并总结了其作为吸附剂、催化剂以及电极材料的应用进展。Carbon-based materials are widely used in chemical,energy,environmental protection and other fields because of their large specific surface area,thermal stability and chemical stability.Metalorganic frameworks materials(MOFs)have characteristics of rich structure,large specific surface area,ideal electrical conductivity and controlled porosity.The MOFs with controllable synthesis process as well as realizable functionalization and elements doping could be considered as an alternative for precise synthesis of carbon-based nanomaterials.The MOF-derived carbon-based nanomaterials could maintain initial structure of MOFs and present adjustable structural composition and morphological characteristics,which improve their structural orderliness efficiently.In addition,the introduction of heteroatoms(such as N,S and P)can also improve the performance of MOF-derived carbon-based ma terials,showing the extensive application possibilities.In this review,the synthesis strategies by using MOFs as precursors for preparing nanoporous carbon-based materials is reviewed,and MOFs derived carbon-based nanomaterials applied as adsorbents,catalysts and electrode materials are summarized.

关 键 词：碳纳米材料 金属有机框架 精准合成 多孔材料 催化应用 

分 类 号：O635.1[理学—高分子化学]