铜铬系合金研究和发展现状  

Research and Development Status of Cu-Cr alloys

作　　者：刘劲松[1,2] 汤旭晶 王松伟 宋鸿武[2] 张士宏[2] LIU Jinsong;TANG Xujing;WANG Songwei;SONG Hongwu;ZHANG Shihong(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Shenyang Ligong University,Shenyang110159,China;Shichangxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials,Institute of Metal Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳理工大学材料科学与工程学院,辽宁沈阳110159 [2]中国科学院金属研究所,师昌绪先进材料创新中心,辽宁沈阳110016

出　　处：《铜业工程》2023年第4期39-51,共13页Copper Engineering

基　　金：全球共性挑战专项项目(172GJHZ2022054GC)资助。

摘　　要：铜及铜合金材料广泛应用于电子信息、电气控制、电力传输及轨道交通等领域,随着科技进步和社会发展,对高强度、高导电同时兼备耐热、耐蚀、抗应力松弛等高性能铜合金材料的需求十分迫切。目前,铜铬系合金被认为是综合性能最优异的铜合金之一。本文简要回顾了铜铬系合金的发展历史,总结了其应用现状,重点探讨了稀土元素以及Hf,Ag,Ti,In,Mg,Zr和Sn的添加对铜铬系合金组织及性能的影响规律,并按照单一元素添加、复合元素添加、稀土元素添加的方式,分别讨论了稀土元素以及Ti,Mg,Mg与Si,Ni与Si等对铜铬锆合金组织和性能的影响。通过对文献的整理发现,微量合金元素的添加可明显改善铜铬合金强度与导电匹配性,并提高合金抗软化温度。此外,添加多元微量元素对性能的提升要优于单一元素,若匹配以合适的变形加工和热处理工艺,更易获得理想材料。今后,可以在铜铬锆合金基础上添加稀土元素,找到适宜的添加量以达到在最大化提高强度与抗软化温度的同时最小化影响其导电率。Copper and copper alloy materials are widely used in electronic information,electrical control,power transmission,railway transit and other fields.With the rapid development of scientific and technological progress and social development,there is an urgent demand for the high-performance copper alloys materials with high strength,high conductivity,heat resistance,corrosion resistance and stress relaxation resistance.At present,Cu-Cr alloy is deemed to be one of the most preeminent copper alloys.In this paper,the development history of Cu-Cr alloys was briefly reviewed,the application status was summarized,the effect law of addition of rare elements,Hf,Ag,Ti,In,Mg,Zr and Sn on the microstructure and properties of Cu-Cr alloy was emphatically discussed;and the influence of Ti,Mg,Mg&Si,Ni&Si and rare earth elements on the microstructure and properties of Cu-Cr-Zr alloy were discussed respectively according to the methods of single element addition,compound element addition and rare earth addition.Through the review of the literature,it is found that the addition of trace alloy elements can significantly improve the strength and electrical compatibility of Cu-Cr alloy and increase the softening resistance temperature of the alloy.Besides,the addition of multiple trace elements at the same time can improve the performance better than that of a single element.If the appropriate deformation processing and heat treatment process is matched,it is easier to obtain ideal materials.In the future,rare earth elements can be added on the basis of Cu-Cr-Zr alloy,and the appropriate amount of addition can be found to achieve the goal of maximizing the strength and softening temperature while minimizing the influence on the conductivity.

关 键 词：CU-CR合金 CU-CR-ZR合金 导电率 抗拉强度 微合金化 稀土元素 

分 类 号：TG146.11[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]