黄河故道农田防护林土壤养分变化特征及评价  

Characteristics and Evaluation of Soil Nutrients in Farmland Shelter Forest of Yellow River Old Course

作　　者：陈雪 胡海波[1,2] 王灿 CHEN Xue;HU Haibo;WANG Can(Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration,Nanjing 210037,China;Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心,南京210037 [2]江苏省水土保持与生态修复重点实验室,南京210037 [3]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008

出　　处：《土壤》2023年第4期779-786,共8页Soils

基　　金：江苏省2021年度碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项(BE2022305);国家林业和草原局江苏长江三角洲森林生态系统定位研究项目(2020132077);江苏省农业科技自主创新重点资金项目(CX(17)1004-2)资助。

摘　　要：土壤养分是土壤肥力的基础,掌握其含量与分布特征可为改善立地条件、建设高效农田防护林体系提供科学依据。以盐城市阜宁县和淮安市涟水县黄河故道土壤为研究对象,采用层次分析法(AHP)与物元分析模型相结合的方式,分别对研究区内有林地和无林地土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾7个指标的变化特征进行了分析评价。结果表明:①随着远离河堤,土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、全钾、速效钾含量呈增加趋势;全磷含量呈减少趋势;有效磷在有林地呈减少趋势,在无林地呈增加趋势。②有林地土壤有机质(2~3级)、全氮(1~2级)含量显著高于无林地,而其余指标与无林地基本一致。③在距黄河故道<0.5、0.5~1.0和1.0~1.5 km 3个区域内,有林地土壤养分等级分别为较丰富Ⅱ、丰富Ⅰ、丰富Ⅰ,无林地土壤养分等级分别为贫乏Ⅳ、适量Ⅲ、适量Ⅲ。可见,开展农田防护林建设能有效促进土壤有机质、氮素的积累,提升土壤养分等级,若在此基础上合理追施磷肥,能进一步提高土壤肥力及其生态、经济效益。Soil nutrients are the basis of soil fertility,and understanding their contents and distribution characteristics can provide a scientific basis for improving soil conditions and building an efficient farmland shelter forest system.In this study,the regional soils of the Yellow River old course in Funing and Lianshui counties,Yancheng City were taken as the research objects,and hierarchical analysis(AHP)and material element analysis model were combined to analyze and evaluate soil organic matter(SOM),total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP),total potassium(TK),alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen(AN),available phosphorus(AP),and available potassium(AK).The results show that:1)As far away from the embankment,SOM,TN,AN,TK and AK show increasing trends,TP shows a decreasing trend,while AP shows a decreasing trend in forest land and an increasing trend in non-forest land;2)The levels of SOM(mainly in 2–3 grades)and TN(mainly in 1–2 grades)of forest land are significantly higher than that non-forest land,while no significant difference is found in the other nutrients between forest land and non-forest land;3)Within the old Yellow River Road<0.5 km,0.5–1.0 km and 1.0–1.5 km,soil nutrient levels are relatively richⅡ,richⅠ,and rich forⅠforest land,respectively,while are poorⅣ,moderateⅢand moderateⅢin non-forest land,respectively.In conclusion,the construction of farmland shelter forest can effectively promote the formation of SOM and improve the level of soil nutrients,and on this basis,proper application of phosphorus fertilizer can further improve soil fertility and promote the ecological and economic benefits.

关 键 词：黄河故道 阜宁 土壤养分 空间变化 

分 类 号：S727.24[农业科学—林木遗传育种]