昆明烟区植烟土壤pH与中微量元素时空变异性研究  

Spatial-temporal Variability of Soil pH,Organic Matter and Medium and Trace Elements in Kunming Tobacco-planting Area

作　　者：徐兴阳[1] 邱学礼[2] 杨树明[2] 田临卿 罗云[3] 刘忠华 李杰[1] 鲁耀[2] 周敏[2] 耿川雄 周绍松[2] 陈雅琼 余小芬[2] XU Xingyang;QIU Xueli;YANG Shuming;TIAN Linqing;LUO Yun;LIU Zhonghua;LI Jie;LU Yao;ZHOU Min;GENG Chuanxiong;ZHOU Shaosong;CHEN Yaqiong;YU Xiaofen(Kunming Branch of Yunnan Tobacco Company,Kunming 650051,China;Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205,China;Hongyun-Honghe Tobacco(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Kunming 650202,China;Yunnan Tobacco Company of China National Tobacco Corporation,Kunming 650011,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省烟草公司昆明市公司,昆明650051 [2]云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所,昆明650205 [3]红云红河烟草(集团)有限责任公司,昆明650202 [4]中国烟草总公司云南省公司,昆明650011

出　　处：《土壤》2023年第4期887-893,共7页Soils

基　　金：中国烟草总公司云南省公司科技计划重点项目(2020530000241020)资助。

摘　　要：分析昆明烟区5个年度(2012—2020年)共4888份植烟土壤pH和中微量营养元素的年际变化特征,为预测和阻控土壤酸化及科学配施中微量营养元素提供理论基础。结果表明,2012—2020年:①pH均值介于6.0~6.4,主要分布在微酸性至中性范围,随种植年限的增加,强酸性土壤频度增加,微酸性和中性土壤减少;②有机质均值变幅为29.7~32.2 g/kg,自2018年后有所下降;③交换性镁均值介于240.6~270.7 mg/kg,整体较丰富,随种植年限增加略有降低;④有效锌主要分布在很高等级,有效硼和水溶性氯主要分布在低和很低等级;⑤除pH外,5个年度的土壤有机质、交换性镁、有效锌、有效硼和水溶性氯样本的空间变异性较高。综上所述,在常规施肥管理模式下,昆明烟区植烟土壤酸碱度、有机质和交换性镁含量整体适宜,近年来有缓慢下降趋势;有效硼和水溶性氯含量整体偏低,均表现出一定的时空异质性。因此,基于昆明烟区常规施肥水平上,在注重提高有机肥和硼肥施用量,降低锌肥施用量的同时,应保持土壤交换性镁和水溶性氯的平衡。In order to provide the basis for predicting and controlling soil acidification and scientific application of medium and trace element fertilizers,the interannual variation characteristics of pH value,medium and trace elements in tobacco-growing soils of 4888 samples in 5 years(2012—2020)in Kunming were analyzed.The results show that,between 2012 and 2020,1)The average pH is between 6.0 and 6.4,mainly distributed in slightly acidic to neutral grades,the frequency of strongly acidic soils is increased while those of slightly acidic and neutral soils are decreased with the planting years;2)The average variation of organic matter content is between 29.7 g/kg and 32.2 g/kg,decreased gradually since 2018;3)The average value of exchangeable Mg^(2+)is ranged from 240.6 mg/kg to 270.7 mg/kg,which is abundant on the whole but tends to decrease with the increase of the planting years;4)Available Zn is mainly distributed in very high grades,and available B and water-soluble Cl–are mainly distributed in low and very low grades;5)Except for pH,the spatial variability of organic matter,exchangeable Mg^(2+),available Zn,available B and water-soluble Cl–are higher spatiotemporal heterogeneity in the 5 years.In conclusion,under the conventional fertilization management,pH,organic matter and exchangeable Mg^(2+)of tobacco-planting soil are generally suitable,but with a slow downward trend in recent years.Therefore,based on the level of conventional fertilization,the balance of soil exchangeable Mg^(2+)and water-soluble Cl–should be maintained,but the application rate of organic fertilizer and B fertilizer should be increased while that of Zn fertilizer should be reduced.

关 键 词：昆明烟区 植烟土壤 PH 中微量元素 时空变异 

分 类 号：S153.4[农业科学—土壤学] S153.6[农业科学—农业基础科学]