积极应对农村人口老龄化的互助养老:实践状况、核心经验与社会效益——基于一个中部乡镇的田野调查  

Actual Practice,Core Experience and Social Benefits of Mutual-aid Elderly Care for Actively Responding to the Aging of the Rural Population in China:A Field Investigation in a Township of Central China

作　　者：肖琳[1] XIAO Lin(School of Sociology,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学社会学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《云南民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第5期96-104,共9页Journal of Yunnan Minzu University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“农村社区治理创新问题研究”(22&ZD173)阶段成果。

摘　　要：在农村人口老龄化形势日益严峻而传统家庭养老功能萎缩的背景下,探索符合农村实际的社会化养老模式是积极应对农村人口老龄化的必然要求。基于一个乡镇11年互助养老的田野调查发现,互助养老本质上是立足于村社共同体的农村社区养老模式。以老年人为主体的多层次动员、以公共意志为准则的民主化管理、以熟人社会为基础的社会嵌入,以及以互助组织为中介的资源链接构成互助养老持续运作的核心经验。相较于机构养老和行政主导的社区养老模式,互助养老能够产生显著的社会效益,不仅可以满足老年群体的多元养老需求,也能取得一定的社会治理成效。积极应对人口老龄化视角下,当前政府应结合乡村振兴战略的实施,为发展农村互助养老创造有利的政策环境与资源条件,逐步推广互助养老模式。Against the backdrop of the increasingly severe aging situation in the rural areas of China and the decline of the functions of the traditional family-based elderly care,exploring socialized elderly care models that are in line with the rural reality is a necessary requirement for actively responding to the aging population in the rural areas.This 11-year field research of a township concludes that the rural mutual-aid elderly care model is essentially one based on the village community.Specifically,the multi-level mobilization with the elderly as the main body,the democratic management guided by the public will,the social embeddings based on the acquaintance society,and the resource links mediated by the mutual-aid organizations constitute the core experience for the continuous operation of mutual-aid elderly care.Compared with the models of the institutional elderly care and the administrative-based community-centered elderly care,mutual-aid elderly care can generate significant social benefits,not only meeting the diverse elderly care needs of the elderly group,but also achieving certain social governance results.From the perspective of actively responding to the population aging,the current government should take advantage of the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy,create favorable policy environments and resource conditions for the development of rural mutual-aid elderly care,and gradually popularize the mutual-aid elderly care model.

关 键 词：互助养老 人口老龄化 村社共同体 社区养老 乡村振兴 

分 类 号：C913.6[经济管理]