重构财产犯罪的法益与体系  

Reconstructing the Legal Interest and System of Property Crime

作　　者：车浩[1] CHE Hao

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《中国法律评论》2023年第4期60-75,共16页China Law Review

摘　　要：通说认为所有权是侵犯财产罪的保护法益。但是,作为观念物的所有权本身不受犯罪行为影响;作为无法量化和分层的概念,也与立法的罪量要求不相协调。刑法保护的是人对财产的一种事实上的全面支配,而不是法律上的权利性。围绕着何谓“支配”特别是法益中是否包含主体的支配意愿,存在分离模式与一体模式的争论。前者代表着法益的物质化,认为法益是具有社会价值或内在价值的支配对象,忽略了人作为主体的意义;后者代表着法益的精神化,主张法益是由支配意愿和支配对象形成的支配关系,导致法益的脆弱化与保护的扩大化。在财产法益的理解上,应坚持分离模式但须进行功能主义改造。作为财产法益的支配可能性,不是蕴含在主观的支配意愿里,而是客观地栖身在支配对象中。财产是服务于个人自由发展的工具,存储着法益持有者的行动机会,因其相对于人的功能性和工具性而受刑法保护。主观意愿层面的支配自由不在法益之中,但对支配自由及支配关系的破坏,却是通往法益侵害的必由之路。根据对支配自由的不同侵扰形式和程度,形成了构成要件的不同结构,包括回避被害人反抗型、利用被害人瑕疵型、压制被害人反抗型和僭越被害人权限型等,经由被害人教义学视角重塑财产犯罪的意义体系,指导构成要件的解释与适用。It is generally said that ownership is the protection legal interest of crimes against property.However,ownership as a conceptual object is not affected by criminal acts;and as a concept that cannot be quantified and stratified,it is also inconsistent with the amount of crime required by legislation.What criminal law protects is a de facto overall domination of property,not legal rights.On what is meant by"domination",especially whether the legal interest includes the subject's will to dominate,there is a debate between the separation mode and the integration mode.The former represents the materialization of legal interests,and believes that legal interests are dominated objects with social value or intrinsic value,ignoring the significance of human beings as subjects.The latter represents the spiritualization of legal interests,arguing that legal interests are a dominance relationship formed by domination will and dominated objects,leading to the weakening of legal interests and the expansion of protection.In the understanding of property legal interests,the separation model should be adhered to but functional reformation must be carried out.The possibility of domination as a property legal interest is not contained in the subjective domination will,but resides objectively in the dominated object.Property is a tool that serves the free development of individuals and stores the action opportunities of legal interest holders.It is protected by criminal law because of its functionality and instrumentality relative to people.The freedom of domination at the level of subjective will is not included in the legal interests,but the destruction of the freedom of domination and the relationship of domination is the only way to the infringement of legal interests.According to the different forms and degrees of intrusion on the freedom of domination,different structures of the constituent elements have been formed,including avoiding the victim's resistance,exploiting the victim's flaws,suppressing the victim's resistance,an

关 键 词：财产犯罪 功能主义 财产法益 分离模式 一体模式 被害人教义学 

分 类 号：D924.35[政治法律—刑法学]