初次分配结构影响物质资料再生产与劳动力再生产动态平衡的机制研究  

A Study on the Mechanisms by Which the Structure of Primary Distribution Affects the Dynamic Balance of the Reproduction of Material Goods and That of Labor

作　　者：周绍东 张毓颖 Zhou Shaodong;Zhang Yuying(School of Marxism,Wuhan University,Wuhan,Hubei 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学马克思主义学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《教学与研究》2023年第7期37-51,共15页Teaching and Research

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大项目“中国共产党经济理论创新的百年道路与经验总结研究”(项目号:21JZD008)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：供给与需求的动态平衡是推动经济高质量发展的必然要求。供给侧关系“物质资料再生产”,而需求侧关系“劳动力再生产”,在影响两种生产的各种因素中,初次分配环节的劳资分配结构决定了劳动力采取何种方式恢复其劳动能力,由此对“物质资料再生产”和“劳动力再生产”的动态平衡产生了复杂而深刻的影响。从劳动者的劳动补偿程度和需求满足程度两个维度出发,本文将劳动力再生产模式划分为萎缩型、扩大型和发展型三种类型,比较了资本主义按劳动力商品价值分配、共产主义按需分配和中国特色社会主义的多种分配方式,提炼和总结了中国特色社会主义初次分配模式促进两种生产实现动态平衡的内在机制:非公有制经济的“劳动力扩大再生产保障机制”,公有制经济的“混合用工和多样化分配机制”以及公有制经济影响非公有制经济初次分配的“待遇标杆机制”。实现“劳动力再生产”和“物质资料再生产”的动态平衡,其深远意义在于为我们处理“以经济建设为中心”和“以人民为中心”两者之间的关系提供了理论方案。The dynamic balance between supply and demand is essential to promoting high-quality economic development.The supply-side relationships affect the“reproduction of material goods”and the demand-side relationships are associated with the“reproduction of labor”.Among the various factors affecting the two types of production,the distribution structure of labor and capital at the stage of primary distribution determines the way in which laborers can restore their working capacity.Therefore,it has a complex and profound impact on the dynamic balance between the reproduction of material goods and that of labor.Starting from the two dimensions regarding the degree of labor compensation and that of demand satisfaction,this paper classifies the labor reproduction model into three types:shrinking,expanding and developing.It compares the capitalist distribution according to the value of labor,the communist distribution according to needs,and the multiple distribution modes of socialism with Chinese characteristics.We summarize the internal mechanisms by which the primary distribution mode of socialism with Chinese characteristics promotes the two kinds of production to achieve dynamic equilibrium:the“mechanism to guarantee the expanded reproduction of labor”in the non-public sector,the“mechanism of mixed employment and diversified distribution”in the public sector,and the“mechanism of compensation benchmarking”formed in the interaction between the public and non-public sectors.The far-reaching significance of achieving a dynamic balance between the reproduction of labor and that of material goods is that it provides us with a theoretical solution to issues as regards the relationships between“taking economic development as the central task”and“adopting the people-centered philosophy of development”.

关 键 词：劳动力再生产 物质资料再生产 初次分配 劳资关系 以人民为中心 

分 类 号：F124.7[经济管理—世界经济] F249.2