论政治目的的合理性  

On the Rationality of Political Purposes

作　　者：江畅 Jiang Chang(Political Philosophy Research Center,Faculty of Political Science,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学政治学部政治哲学研究中心,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《华中师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2023年第5期33-44,共12页Journal of Central China Normal University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：研究阐释党的十九届四中全会精神国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国特色社会主义制度‘人民至上’价值及其实践研究”(20ZDA005)。

摘　　要：人类创造政治是有目的的,但不同时代不同国家的政治目的很不相同,因此政治目的存在着合理与否的问题。政治目的可划分为根本性、总体性目的和派生性、单一性目的,前者可视为政治的终极目的或终极政治目的。终极政治目的的合理性问题是政治哲学重点关注的问题,因为终极政治目的合理与否是一种政治是否具有应有价值或者说是有利还是有害的根本前提和最终根据。历史上不同时代不同国家的终极政治目的各不相同,思想家对这一问题也作出了种种不同的理论回答。通过比较分析可以看出,只有马克思提出的“每一个个人的全面而自由的发展”(可以转换为“社会中所有人的全面而自由的发展”)才是真正合理的终极政治目的。这一终极政治目的的合理性不仅在于它体现了人类本性的要求,而且从历史上各种幸福观中吸取了养分,因而具有综合性和超越性。终极政治目的可以说就是政治理想的终极目的,政治理想则是对如何实现终极政治目的的谋划或设计,两者实质上是一致的。合理的政治目的得以实现,政治的本性才能真正得到实现,政治才能具有它应有的价值。Human beings create politics with a purpose,but the political purposes of different countries in different eras are very different.Thus,there is a question of whether the political purposes are justified or not.Political purposes can be divided into fundamental and overarching purposes,as well as derivative and unitary purposes.The former can be regarded as the political ultimate purpose,or ultimate political purpose of politics.The question of rationality of the ultimate political purpose is a key concern of political philosophy,because the rationality of the ultimate political purpose is the fundamental premise and ultimate basis of whether a politics has its due value or whether it is beneficial or harmful.The ultimate political purposes of different countries in different eras in history are varied,and thinkers have provided various theoretical answers to this question.Comparative analysis shows that only the“comprehensive and free development of every individual”(which can be transformed into“comprehensive and free development of all people in society”)proposed by Marx is a truly rational ultimate political purpose.The rationality of this ultimate political purpose lies not only in its embodiment of the requirements of human nature,but also in its absorption of nutrients from various historical views on happiness,and thus it is comprehensive and transcendent.The ultimate political purpose can be regarded as the ultimate goal of political ideals,while political ideals are the planning or design of how to achieve the ultimate political purposes,and the two are essentially consistent.Only when reasonable political purposes are achieved can the nature of politics be truly realized,and politics can have its due value.

关 键 词：政治目的 终极政治目的 政治哲学 政治理想 政治目标 

分 类 号：D0[政治法律—政治学] B038[哲学宗教—哲学理论]