清末民初汉语文言与白话“二言”现象论  

On the Phenomenon of“Two Languages”of Chinese Classical and Vernacular Languages in the Late Qing Dynasty and Early Republic of China

作　　者：高玉[1] Gao Yu(College of Humanities,Zhejiang Normal University,Jinhua 321004)

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学人文学院,浙江金华321004

出　　处：《华中师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2023年第5期114-124,共11页Journal of Central China Normal University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“语言变革与中国现当代文学发展”(16ZDA190)。

摘　　要：清末民初汉语是文言文与白话文两种语言通行,文言文处于主体地位,白话则越来越成熟,在文言与白话之间则有很多中间形态比如半文半白、浅近文言文,即“近代汉语”。语言是思想的深层基础,文言文特别适合表达中国古代思想文化,“国语”表达现代思想则准确而有效,清末民初汉语“二言”现象是近代思想文化活跃的表象也是原因。在思想的层面上,近代汉语及其发展变化反映了中国思想文化在宋之后的状况和发展变化。汉语在清末民初时期越来越趋向以白话为主以文言为辅的局面,并最终发生转型即从古代汉语转型为现代汉语。清末民初汉语在构成上非常复杂,白话与文言共生,既矛盾冲突又和谐互补,表面上“混乱”,其实是多元、包容、张力、丰富、复杂、生机以及多种可能性的表现,“混乱”其实是这一时期社会上思想文化活跃的深层原因。Both the classical Chinese and vernacular Chinese were commonly used at the end of the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China.Whereas the classical Chinese was in the dominant position,vernacular was becoming more and more mature,and there were many intermediate forms between classical and vernacular Chinese,such as half-classical and half-vernacular,and virtual classical Chinese,that is,“modern Chinese”.Language is the deep foundation of thought.Classical Chinese is particularly suitable for expressing ancient Chinese thought and culture,while the“national language”can express modern thought accurately and effectively.The“two languages”of Chinese is both the phenomenon of and reason for the active modern ideology and culture in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China.At the ideological level,modern Chinese language and its development reflect the situation and development of Chinese ideology and culture after the Song Dynasty.In the late Qing and early Republican periods,the Chinese language tended to become more and more vernacular-based,supplemented by classical Chinese,and eventually underwent a transformation from ancient Chinese to modern Chinese.The Chinese language in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China was very complex in structure,and the vernacular and the literary language coexisted,conflicting and harmonizing and complementing each other.The“chaos”on the surface was in fact a manifestation of plurality,inclusiveness,tension,abundance,complexity,vitality,and a variety of possibilities,and the“chaos”was the deeper reason for the ideological and cultural vitality of the society in this period.

关 键 词：清末民初 文言 白话 近代汉语 

分 类 号：H109.3[语言文字—汉语] K25[历史地理—历史学]