农村养老服务整合:趋向、困境与路径  

The Holistic Governance of Rural Community Pensions:Trends,Dilemmas and Paths

作　　者：齐鹏 纪春艳 QI Peng;JI Chunyan(Institute of Population and Social Development,Shandong Academy of Social Sciences,Jinan 250012,China)

机构地区：[1]山东社会科学院人口与社会发展研究院,山东济南250004

出　　处：《经济与管理评论》2023年第5期98-110,共13页Review of Economy and Management

基　　金：国家社会科学基金研究项目“农村互助养老可持续发展的制度保障及实现路径研究”(20BSH022)。

摘　　要：农村养老服务“散碎”问题突出,加快整合极为迫切。农村养老服务整合具有以社区为基础空间、家庭为本位基点、社区组织为组织基础、老人土地为重要支撑、社区居民为主体力量等特征。但农村养老服务整合面临社区养老规划及政策不完善、社区养老资源外流及弱化问题突出、社区组织“悬浮化”、社区居民主体责任减弱、土地对养老服务的保障力持续弱化等困境。为此,须推进社区建设集中化、社区养老机构化、家庭养老社区化、老人土地养老化、社区组织服务化等建设,完善社区整合性养老服务规划及政策、加大社区养老服务资源整合配置、提升家庭参与社区养老服务的能力、提升社区养老服务的整体自治水平、强化社区养老服务的社会整合基础、确立社区养老服务的福利倾向政策、打造社区养老服务的整合性技术系统等,推动农村养老服务向社区性、自治性、整合性等转变,形成与未来农村新型社区形态相适应的以社区为本的整合性养老服务模式。The“bits and pieces”problem of rural community pensions is obvious,so promoting its integration is urgent.The holistic governance of rural community pensions has the characteristics of taking the community as the space,the family as the basic point,the community organization as the organizational foundation,the old people's land as the important support and the community residents as the main force.However,the rural community pension is facing many problems such as imperfect community pension planning,systematic outflow of community pension resources,“suspended”community organizations,weakened main responsibilities of residents,and the continuous weakening of the security of land for pension service.Therefore,we should promote the centralization of rural community construction,institutionalization of community pensions,community-based family pensions,land-based pensions for the elderly and community organization services,etc.,formulate integrated plans for community pensions,increase the integration and allocation of community pension resources,improve family’s ability to participate in community pensions,improve the overall autonomy level of community pensions,strengthen the social integration foundation of community pensions,establish welfare-oriented policies for community pensions,and build an integrated technical system for community pensions,so as to promote rural community pensions towards autonomy and integration,and form an integrated pension model of multi-subject integration and cooperation.

关 键 词：农村养老服务 社区性整合 集体养老 社会化养老 

分 类 号：F323.89[经济管理—产业经济]