我国民法诚信原则的类型化适用  

Type-based Application of the Principle of Good Faith in PRC Civil Code

作　　者：潘子怡 Pan Ziyi

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学凯原法学院

出　　处：《法学》2023年第9期125-141,共17页Law Science

摘　　要：我国民法诚信原则的司法适用存在诸多问题,包括有具体规范仍向一般条款逃逸、仅作为加强判决说服力的工具、未对不同类型的诚信原则加以合理区分适用等。根据诚信原则具体功能的不同,可将我国民法诚信原则分为作为行为标准的诚信原则、作为法律修正工具的诚信原则与限制权利的诚信原则,限制权利的诚信原则实质上是禁止权利滥用原则。三种诚信原则在实质内涵、适用前提、适用标准等方面存在差异,在司法适用中须作出区分对待。首先,作为行为标准的诚信原则仅可适用于“特别结合关系”领域;其次,在“特别结合关系”领域应当先判断是否违背要求更高的作为行为标准的诚信原则,再判断是否违背禁止权利滥用原则;最后,诚信原则的法律修正功能仅能适用于特定情形,并以违反个案“公平正义”为核心判断标准,须结合严格的论证方法方可适用。结合既有司法实践,在“三分法”的类型化标准下妥切援引具体规则,在不存在具体规则时再经充分论证后援引一般条款,但应当始终贯彻类型化适用的方法论。There are many problems in the judicial application of the principle of good faith in China’s civil law,including the existence of specific norms still fleeing to the general provisions,only as a tool to strengthen the persuasive power of the judgment,and the failure to reasonably distinguish the application of different types of good faith principles.According to the different specific functions of the principle of good faith,the principle of good faith in China’s civil law can be divided into the principle of good faith as a standard of conduct,the principle of good faith as a legal amendment tool and the principle of good faith to restrict rights,the principle of good faith to restrict rights is essentially the principle of prohibition of abuse of rights.Three kinds of good faith principles in the substance of the connotation,the application of the premise,the application of standards and other differences,in the judicial application must be made to distinguish the treatment.Firstly,the principle of good faith as a standard of conduct can only be applied in the field of“special bond relationship”.Secondly,in the field of“special bond relationship”,it should be judged whether the principle of good faith as a standard of conduct,which requires higher requirements,is violated first,and then whether the principle of prohibition of abuse of rights is violated.Finally,the legal amendment function of the principle of good faith can only be applied to specific situations,and the core criterion of judgment is the violation of“fairness and justice”in each case,which must be combined with strict argumentation methods.In conjunction with the existing judicial practice,specific rules should be properly invoked under the typological standard of“trichotomy”,and general provisions should be invoked after sufficient argumentation when no specific rules exist,but the methodology of typological application should always be implemented.

关 键 词：诚信原则 禁止权利滥用原则 类型化 行为标准功能 法律修正功能 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]