畜禽粪便污染的环境风险与资源化处理技术分析  

Analysis of the Environmental Risk of Livestock Manure Pollution and Resource Treatment Technology

作　　者：安婧[1] 丁子明 高程程 胡芳雨 魏树和[1] AN Jing;DING Zi-ming;GAO Cheng-cheng;HU Fang-yu;WEI Shu-he(Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering,Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所污染生态与环境工程重点实验室,沈阳110016 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《环境科学》2023年第8期4764-4774,共11页Environmental Science

基　　金：黑土地保护与利用科技创新工程专项(XDA28010503);国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1804101);国家自然科学基金项目(31971515);中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所重大项目(IAEMP202201)。

摘　　要：畜禽养殖业飞速发展大力促进了我国农村经济的繁荣振兴,但同时出现的畜禽粪便排放量大、处理率低和易造成环境污染等问题也日益突出.在总结我国畜禽粪便排放现状的基础上,系统分析了畜禽粪便中主要环境污染物及其在土壤、水和大气等介质中的赋存、迁移转化等污染特征,并以重金属和抗生素为特征污染物对畜禽粪便农用的环境风险评估方法与风险等级进行了阐述;对比分析了国内外常用的畜禽粪便无害化和资源化处理技术,并评估了热化学转化技术和生物技术等在畜禽粪便能源化和肥料化处理方面的发展前景和应用价值.此外,探讨了目前畜禽粪便污染治理工作中存在的常见问题,并展望了畜禽粪便资源化处理技术未来的发展方向.Rapid development of the livestock and poultry industry has greatly promoted the rural economic prosperity of China.However,the problems resulting from the livestock manure,such as large emissions,low utilization rate,and environmental pollution are also becoming increasingly serious.Based on the current situation of livestock manure discharge in China,the typical contaminants in livestock manure and their pollution characteristics in soil,water,and air were systematically analyzed in this study.Taking heavy metals and antibiotics as the characteristic pollutants,the common risk assessment methods for livestock manure pollution were described.Moreover,the main harmless disposal and recycling treatment technologies of livestock and poultry manure at home and abroad were compared and analyzed.The application prospect and value of these technologies such as the thermochemical conversion method and the biological method in energization or fertilization were evaluated.Furthermore,the prominent problems in the pollution control of livestock manure are discussed,and the development trends in the resource treatment technology of livestock manure were also prospected.

关 键 词：畜禽粪便 环境污染 生态风险 无害化处理 资源化利用 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]