推拉理论视角下大学生回乡就业意愿及影响因素研究  

On College Students' Willingness to Return to Their Hometown for Employment from the Perspective of Push-pull Theory

作　　者：王懿[1] WANG Yi

机构地区：[1]复旦大学

出　　处：《中国大学生就业》2023年第8期51-58,共8页China University Students Career Guide

基　　金：复旦大学2021年度研究生德育重点课题(项目编号:FDYDYZ2021-1)的研究成果。

摘　　要：近年来,在我国高校毕业生就业形势日趋严峻和地区人才争夺不断升级的双重背景下,是否回乡就业成为大学生面临的现实选择,也是社会关切的热点问题。剖析回乡就业意愿类型及背后的动力因素对于把握大学生就业心态和价值观具有重要意义。本文通过质性访谈、问卷调查、文献调查等方式研究发现,大学生就业选择是个人、地区、家庭、政策、舆论等多重因素综合作用的结果,地区是影响就业选择的重要因素。大学生就业地的选择具有动态变化、双向博弈等特点,受到地区经济文化发展水平、行业职业发展机会、生活性价比等在内的拉力因素和推力因素以及个人、家庭、政策、舆论等中间因素的复合影响。当代大学生就业地选择呈现向往一线城市和向非一线城市下沉的双重现象。通过对当代大学生回乡就业意愿类型及推拉力因素分析发现,大学生就业价值观呈多元并存、个人中心、自我实现、工具理性、注重生活质量等特点,具有物质主义与后物质主义并存的趋势。Under the dual background of the increasingly severe employment situation of college graduates and the escalating competition for regional talents,whether college students are willing to choose to return to their hometowns for employment has become a new hot spot of social concern.The research found that college students' employment choice is the result of multiple factors such as individual,region,family,policy,and public opinion.The willingness of college students to return to their hometowns for employment has the characteristics of dynamic process changes and two-way choice games.The choice of employment location for college students is affected by "push" and "pull" factors including regional economic development level,industry opportunities,cultural soft power,and policy guidance.At the same time,it is affected by "intermediate factors" such as individuals and families.The analysis of college students' willingness to return to their hometowns for employment and its influencing factors found that contemporary college students' employment values are characterized by diversification,individualism,instrumental rationality,utilitarianism,and dynamic changes.They have the tendency of coexistence of materialism and postmaterialism.

关 键 词：推拉理论 大学生 回乡就业意愿 影响因素 

分 类 号：G640[文化科学—高等教育学]