长沙地区血液成分收回及其报废情况分析  

Analysis of blood components withdrawal and discarding in Changsha area

作　　者：杨妞 旷开其[1] 蒋义 谢毓滨[1] 康甜[1] 陈洁 YANG Niu;KUANG Kai-qi;JIANG Yi;XIE Yu-bin;KANG Tian;CHEN Jie(Blood Transfusion Institute of Changsha Blood Center,Hunan 410000,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙血液中心输血研究所,湖南410000

出　　处：《中国卫生检验杂志》2023年第15期1903-1906,共4页Chinese Journal of Health Laboratory Technology

基　　金：长沙市自然科学基金(kq2202062)。

摘　　要：目的分析长沙地区血液成分的收回和报废情况,了解献血者血型血清学因素对报废率影响,探寻有效措施为临床提供安全血液。方法对2016年—2022年来医院所退回的血液成分按原因、类别、收回后报废情况进行分类整理;其中血型血清学阳性者,完善不规则抗体筛查鉴定、红细胞直接抗人球蛋白试验(DAT)、ABO血型确认等实验;应用SPSS 20.0软件进行统计分析。结果7年内血液成分总体收回率为0.88‰~1.33‰,各类血液成分的出库报废率在0.08%以下;血小板报废占收回比例维持低平,冷沉淀波动较大,血浆及红细胞类略有上涨趋势;血液收回后报废的主要原因为配血不合、血袋破损、絮状物和凝块等;因血型血清学因素所致报废血液中,属于女性献血员的有119袋(60.41%),男性有78袋(39.59%);男性与女性在总体检出、直抗检出、抗筛检出上差异均无统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为2.264、0.759、0.159,P>0.05)。结论鼓励健康适龄人群尤其是男性积极参与无偿献血,血站与医院加强沟通,提升血液需求预测准确性,加强献血员征询、血液检测和供应等环节的质量管理,完善血液调配机制,可有效避免血液收回和浪费。Objective This paper aims to analyze the blood components withdrawed by hospitals and their discarding rates in Changsha area and explore the influence of blood group serological factors on the discarding rate from blood donors,thus providing safe blood for clinical transfusion.Methods The blood components withdrawed by hospitals between 2016 and 2022 were sorted out by reason,category,and discarding conditions,in which serologically positive components were conducted for irregular antibody screening and identification,red blood cell direct anti-human globulin test(DAT),ABO blood group confirmation and other experiments.Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 20.0 software.Results Between seven years,the overall recovery rate of blood components ranged from 0.88‰ to 1.33‰ within the seven years,and the discarding rate of all kinds of blood components was less than 0.08%.The proportion of platelet scrap in withdrawed products remained low,while the trend of cryoprecipitation fluctuated greatly,and plasma and red blood cells showed a slight upward trend.The main reasons of blood discarding after withdrawal were blood matching incompatibility,bag damage,flocs and clots and so on.Due to blood group serological factors,the discarding number in female was 119(60.41%),and it 78(39.59%)in male.There was no statistical significance on the difference in the overall physical examination rate,DAT and positive antibody screening rate(χ^(2)=2.264,χ^(2)=0.759,χ^(2)=0.159,P>0.05).Conclusion Encouraging healthy people of the right age,especially men,to actively participate in blood donation,strengthening the quality management of blood donor consultation,blood testing and supplying,and improving the level of hospital blood management can effectively avoid blood withdrawal and waste.

关 键 词：血液收回 报废率 直接抗人球蛋白试验 不规则抗体 献血者性别 

分 类 号：R457.1[医药卫生—治疗学]