东安土话“去了”的主观大量功能及词汇化的语序动因  

The Subjective Notion of Large Quantity Functions of “qule” in Dong’an Dialect and the Word Order Motivation of Lexicalization

作　　者：胡乘玲 Hu Chengling(College of Liberal Arts,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410081)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学文学院,湖南长沙410081

出　　处：《语言科学》2023年第5期495-507,共13页Linguistic Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目(19CYY009)资助。

摘　　要：湖南东安土话“去了”可出现在七类不同的情境中表示主观大量,具体表现为主观上认为距离远、时间长、数量多、程度高、关系近以及加强语气。“去了”的主观大量用法,与“去”的“离开”义密切相关,离开即意味着超出固有范围和距离的增加,而“了”是一个表提醒注意或强调的语气词,强调体现了一种语气的加强,这和“去”所表超出、增加的语义相符,这为“去了”表示主观大量提供了语义基础。“介词+处所题元+去”语序为“去了”的跨层词汇化提供了句法位置条件。语义的匹配、句法位置的紧邻、结构的重新分析使得“去”“了”最终跨层组合在一起并促成“去了”主观大量义的产生。The phrase “qu le(去了)” in the Dong’an dialect of Hunan Province can appear in seven different situations to express the meaning of subjective large quantity, specifically, subjectively considered long distance, long time, large number, high degree, close relationship and emphatic tone. The origin of the subjective connotation of large quantity of “qu le” is closely related to the meaning “leaving” expressed by “qu(去)”. Leaving means an increase in distance beyond the inherent range, and “le(了)” is a modal word used as a reminder or emphasis, denoting a tone of reinforcement. This is consistent with the connotation of “beyond” and “increasing” implied by “qu”. This provides a semantic basis for “qu” to indicate the meaning of “subjective mass”. The “preposition + location theme + qu” word order provides syntactic position conditions for the cross-layered lexicalization of “qu le”. The semantic matching and syntactic positions are close together so that the two are eventually combined across layers and contribute to the generation of the connotation of subjective large quantity carried by “qu le”.

关 键 词：东安土话 “去了” 主观大量 词汇化 语序 

分 类 号：H174[语言文字—汉语]