不同灌溉方式对土壤水热及生菜产量的影响  

Effects of different irrigation methods on soil water-thermal condition and yield of Lactuca sativa

作　　者：李尤亮 张雷 王杰 袁艺[3] 吴灏 LI Youliang;ZHANG Lei;WANG Jie;YUAN Yi;WU Hao(Yunnan Hydraulic Research Institute,Kunming 650228,China;Water Demand of Crops under Plateau Three-dimensional Climate Yunnan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station,Kunming 650228,China;Horticulture Research Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Science,Kunming 650228,China;College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省水利水电科学研究院,云南昆明650228 [2]高原立体气候条件作物需水云南省野外科学观测研究站,云南昆明650228 [3]云南省农业科学院园艺作物研究所,云南昆明650228 [4]扬州大学水利科学与工程学院,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《人民长江》2023年第9期114-118,共5页Yangtze River

基　　金：科技人才与平台计划项目“高原立体气候条件作物需水云南省野外科学观测研究站”(202105AM070009);云南省水资源费项目“区域作物需水与用水定额研究”;云南省水资源费项目“云南省现代化灌溉节水技术示范应用”;国家自然科学基金项目(52009118)。

摘　　要：微喷灌、不覆膜滴灌、覆膜滴灌是提高灌溉水利用效率的重要灌溉方式,可改变农田局地小气候,协调农田水热状况,影响作物产量。为探讨生菜生育期内土壤水热及产量对微喷灌、不覆膜滴灌、覆膜滴灌的响应规律,于2020~2021年在云南省灌溉试验中心站开展了生菜灌溉试验。结果表明:与微喷灌相比较,不覆膜滴灌和覆膜滴灌可提高生菜根系层内土壤水储量,2020年分别提高了41.6%和37.5%,2021年分别提高了33.5%和29.5%。与微喷灌和不覆膜滴灌相比较,覆膜滴灌提高了生菜根系层内土壤温度,2020年分别提高了9.6%和12.3%,2021年分别提高了9.5%和10.3%。对于地温梯度,微喷灌最大,其次为不覆膜滴灌,最小为覆膜滴灌,2020年三种灌溉方式下的地温梯度值分别为0.0674,0.0587,0.037℃/cm,2021年分别为0.0669,0.0629,0.0467℃/cm。受土壤水热条件等的影响,覆膜滴灌条件下的生菜产量显著大于不覆膜滴灌和微喷灌,不覆膜滴灌生菜产量大于微喷灌。研究结果可为滇中地区生菜灌溉方式的调整等提供科学依据。Micro-sprinkler irrigation,drip irrigation and drip irrigation under mulch are important irrigation methods to improve the utilization efficiency of irrigation,which can change the microclimate of farmland,affect the soil hydro-thermal condition.To explore the effects of micro-sprinkler irrigation,drip irrigation and drip irrigation under mulch on soil hydro-thermal condition yield of Lactuca sativa,an irrigation experiment of Lactuca sativa was carried out in the field at the Irrigation Experimental Center Station of Yunnan Province in 2020 to 2021.The results showed that compared with micro-sprinkler irrigation,drip irrigation with mulch and drip irrigation increased the average soil water storage in lettuce root layer by 41.6%and 37.5%in 2020,and 33.5%and 29.5%in 2021,respectively.Compared with micro-sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation,drip irrigation with mulch increased the average soil water storage in lettuce root layer by 9.6%and 12.3%in 2020,and 9.5%and 10.3%in 2021,respectively.The geothermal gradient was the highest under micro-sprinkler irrigation followed by drip irrigation and mulched drip irrigation.Influenced by irrigation methods,the yield of Lactuca sativa under drip irrigation with mulch were significantly higher than those under drip irrigation and micro-sprinkler irrigation.The results can provide scientific basis for the adjustment of irrigation mode in central Yunnan Province.

关 键 词：土壤水热 生菜产量 微喷灌 不覆膜滴灌 覆膜滴灌 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程]