紫果西番莲顶枯病病原菌生物学特性分析及室内杀菌剂毒力测定  

Analysis on the Biological Characteristics of Dieback Disease of Passiflora edulis and Toxicity Test of Fungicides in Laboratory

作　　者：黄艳花 崔忠吉 蒙成 欧善生 钟琪斌 Huang Yan-hua;Cui Zhong-ji;Meng Cheng;Ou Shan-sheng;Zhong Qi-bin(Guangxi Agricultural Vocational Technical University,Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业职业技术大学,广西南宁530007

出　　处：《广西农学报》2023年第4期32-42,共11页Journal of Guangxi Agriculture

基　　金：广西农业科技自筹经费项目(Z202006);国家现代农业产业技术体系广西特色水果创新团队建设项目(nycytxgxcxtd-17-03)。

摘　　要：【目的】紫果西番莲(Passiflora edulis)顶枯病(dieback disease)是2022年国内首次报道的新病害,本文旨在探明其病原菌暹罗炭疽菌(Colletotrichum siamense)生物学特性并筛选出高效防治杀菌剂,为紫果西番莲顶枯病防控提供科学依据。【方法】本试验采用菌丝生长速率法和孢子计数法,研究不同pH、温度、光照、碳源、氮源、培养基等对紫果西番莲顶枯病病原菌菌丝生长和产孢的影响;以菌丝生长速率法对12种常用杀菌剂进行室内毒力测定。【结果】最适紫果西番莲顶枯病病原菌菌丝生长的pH值为5.0~9.0,温度为28℃,光照为全黑暗,碳源为葡萄糖,培养基为PDA,较适宜氮源为酵母粉和牛肉浸膏;最适病原菌产孢的pH值为7.0~8.0,温度为28℃,光照为全黑暗,氮源为牛肉浸膏,较适宜培养基为PDA和PSA,碳源为乳糖、D-木糖和山梨醇;最适病原菌分生孢子萌发的pH值为5.0~10.0,温度为20~36℃。不同杀菌剂对紫果西番莲顶枯病菌菌丝生长均有不同程度的抑制效果,其中50%多菌灵的毒力最强,EC50为0.4188μg/mL;其次为70%甲基硫菌灵、20%苯甲·咪鲜胺、450 g/L咪鲜胺、40%苯甲·吡唑酯,其EC50分别为0.9141μg/mL、1.9543μg/mL、2.3067μg/mL、3.6475μg/mL,另外,毒力中等的杀菌剂有20%抑霉唑、25%丙环唑、75%肟菌·戊唑醇、10%苯醚甲环唑,毒力作用较差的杀菌剂为80%乙蒜素、40%腈菌唑、75%百菌清。【结论】50%多菌灵、70%甲基硫菌灵、20%苯甲·咪鲜胺、450 g/L咪鲜胺、40%苯甲·吡唑酯5种药剂可作为紫果西番莲顶枯病田间防治参考用药。【Objective】The dieback disease of Passiflora edulis is a new disease reported for the first time in China in 2022,in order to explore the biological characteristics of Colletotrichum siamense and screen out efficient fungicides,and provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of dieback disease of Passiflora edulis.【Method】The effects of different pH,temperature,light,carbon source,nitrogen source and culture medium on the mycelial growth and sporulation of dieback disease of Passiflora edulis were studied by mycelial growth rate method and spore count method;and the toxicity of 12 commonly used fungicides in laboratory was determined by mycelium growth rate method.【Result】The results showed that the optimal conditions for the mycelial growth of dieback disease of Passiflora edulis were pH range 5.0~9.0,temperature 28℃,total darkness,carbon source glucose,culture medium PDA,and nitrogen source yeast powder and beef extract.The optimum conditions for conidial production was pH range 7.0~8.0,the optimum temperature was 28℃,the light was completely dark,the nitrogen source was beef extract,the suitable media were PDA and PSA,and the carbon sources were lactose,D-xylose and sorbitol.The optimum pH range for conidial germination was 5.0~10.0,and the optimum temperature range was 20~36℃.Different fungicides had different inhibitory effects on the mycelial growth of sporulation of dieback disease of Passiflora edulis,among which 50%carbendazim had the strongest inhibitory effect with EC50 of 0.4188μg/mL.Followed by 70%Thiophanate-methyl,20%Prochloraz·Benzoate,450 G/L Prochloraz,40%Pyrazolate·Benzoate,their EC50 were 0.9141,1.9543,2.3067 and 3.6475μg/mL respectively.20%imazalil,25%propiconazole,75%trifloxystrobin+Tebuconazole,10%difenoconazole were the fungicides with moderate inhibitory effect,while 80%ethylicin,40%myclobutanil,75%chlorothalonil were the fungicides with poor inhibitory effect.【Conclusion】The 5 fungicides of 50%Carbendazim,70%Thiophanate-methyl,20%Prochloraz·Benzoate

关 键 词：紫果西番莲 顶枯病 生物学特性 毒力测定 

分 类 号：S432.1[农业科学—植物病理学]