早期中华帝国的校雠:从行政程序到文献学方法  

Collation in Early Imperial China:From Administrative Procedure to Philological Tool

作　　者：马勊思 史达 张欣毓(译) MaxJakobFlster;Thies Staack

机构地区：[1]德国马克斯·韦伯基金会中国办公室(北京) [2]汉堡大学 [3]麦吉尔大学

出　　处：《出土文献》2023年第3期140-153,158,共15页Excavated Documents

基　　金：德国科学基金会(DFG,Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft)的德国大学卓越计划(Germany's Excellence Strategy)卓越集群EXC 2176"Understanding Written Artefacts:Material,Interaction and Transmission in Manuscript Cultures"(项目编号:390893796)的资助。

摘　　要：“校勘学”在中国的起源通常追溯至刘向,他被视作“校雠”等文献学方法的发明者。然而,学者们也注意到“校”与“雠”二词在更早的文献中已经出现过,特别是法律或行政写本中。通过对传世文献和公元前3世纪末至前2世纪初的出土文献进行考察,本文得以揭示后起的文献学方法的行政来源。本文主张刘向采用了行政与法律领域内既成的方法和术语。在刘向之前,这些方法已经存在了至少二百年。The origins of“textual criticism”in China are usually traced back to Liu Xiang,who is credited with the invention of philological tools,especially“collation”(jiaochou校雠).However,scholars have also noted that the terms jiao校and chou雠occur in earlier sources,especially manuscripts with legal or administrative texts.Surveying evidence on the mentioned collation techniques from received literature and from manuscripts dating to the late third and early second century BCE,this paper lays bare the administrative roots of later philological tools.It argues that Liu Xiang adopted established methods and terminology from the administrative and legal sphere that had been around for at least 200 years.

关 键 词：校雠 刘向 里耶秦简 岳麓秦简 睡虎地秦简 

分 类 号：K877.5[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] G256[历史地理—历史学]