5种杀菌剂在大棚和露地韭菜上的残留消解动态及膳食风险评估  

Residue dynamics and dietary risk assessment of 5 fungicides in Chinese chives under open field and greenhouse conditions

作　　者：潘丽英 王强[2] 杨桂玲[2] 杜雨婷 李金玲 王豆 潘道东[1] PAN Liying;WANG Qiang;YANG Guiling;DU Yuting;LI Jinling;WANG Dou;PAN Daodong(College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,Zhejiang,China;Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science,Hangzhou 310021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波大学食品与药学学院,浙江宁波315211 [2]浙江省农业科学院农产品质量安全与营养研究所,杭州310021

出　　处：《农药》2023年第9期651-656,共6页Agrochemicals

基　　金：浙江省2020—2021年度农产品质量安全隐患排查(ZJSP65-2020-0020)。

摘　　要：[目的]评价蔬菜生产中5种常用杀菌剂腐霉利、嘧霉胺、异菌脲、烯酰吗啉和啶酰菌胺在韭菜中的残留消解动态,评估其人体膳食摄入风险。[方法]开展了大棚和露地2种栽培模式下5种常用杀菌剂的残留消解田间试验,通过测定残留量对5种杀菌剂可能产生的膳食摄入风险进行评估。[结果]5种杀菌剂(腐霉利、嘧霉胺、异菌脲、烯酰吗啉、啶酰菌胺)在韭菜中的消解动态均满足一级反应动力学方程,在大棚栽培模式下半衰期分别为8.4、3.7、12.6、6.0、11.6 d;在露地栽培模式下半衰期分别为1.7、1.5、3.7、2.6、3.4 d。不同人群对大棚、露地韭菜中试验农药的慢性、急性膳食摄入的风险都较低,为可接受水平;而大棚韭菜中同种农药带来的慢性、急性膳食暴露风险都高于露地。按推荐最高剂量喷洒50%腐霉利可湿性粉剂,大棚韭菜在安全间隔期第30天最终残留量为0.42 mg/kg,高于旧标准GB 2763—2021中韭菜最大残留限量(0.2 mg/kg),但低于最新调整的GB 2763.1—2022中的限量标准(5 mg/kg),我国韭菜中腐霉利残留限量标准的调整既能有效保障韭菜的食用安全,也能改善韭菜腐霉利频繁超标问题。[结论]建议严格控制施药剂量,并严格遵守安全间隔期,按照推荐剂量及其操作规范在韭菜上施用这5种杀菌剂基本不会对人群健康产生影响。[Aims]To evaluate the residual dissipation dynamics and human dietary intake risk of 5 common fungicides used in vegetable production in Chinese chives,including procymidone,pyrimethanil,iprodione,dimethomorph and boscalid.[Methods]We conducted field trials on the dissipation of residues of 5 commonly used fungicides under greenhouse and open field cultivation modes.The possible dietary intake risks of 5 fungicides were assessed by measuring the residue amount.[Results]The dissipation dynamics of 5 pesticides(procymidone,pyrimethanil,iprodione,dimethomorph,boscalid)in Chinese chives all satisfied the first-order reaction kinetics equation.Their half-lives were 8.4,3.7,12.6,6.0 and 11.6 d in the greenhouse and 1.7,1.5,3.7,2.6 and 3.4 d in the open field.The risk of chronic and acute dietary intake of tested pesticides in Chinese chives under greenhouses and open field conditions was low,which was at an acceptable level.The chronic and acute dietary exposure risks of the same pesticide in Chinese chives under the greenhouse condition were higher than those in open field.Spraying procymidone 50%wettable powder at the highest recommended dose,the final residue of Chinese chives in greenhouse was 0.42 mg/kg on the 30th day of the safety interval.It is higher than the maximum residue limit of Chinese chives in the old previous food safety standard GB 2763—2021(0.2 mg/kg),but lower than the present standard GB 2763.1—2022(5 mg/kg).The adjustment of the residual limit standard for procymidone in Chinese chives in China can effectively ensure the safety of Chinese chives for consumption and solve the problem of frequently exceeding the standard.[Conclusions]It is suggested to strictly control the application dosage of the pesticide and adhere to the safety interval period.There will not have an impact on human health if these 5 fungicides are applied to Chinese chives according to the recommended dosage and operation specifications.

关 键 词：杀菌剂 韭菜 大棚 露地 残留消解动态 膳食风险评估 

分 类 号：TQ450.2[化学工程—农药化工]