采煤沉陷地表拉张裂隙区土壤重金属特征与来源  

Distribution and Source Analysis of Heavy Metals in the Soil of Surface Tension Fracture Zone of Coal Mining Subsidence

作　　者：范廷玉[1,2] 朱厚红 路啊康 王顺[1,2] 张燕海 FAN Tingyu;ZHU Houhong;LU AKang;WANG Shun;ZHANG Yanhai(School of Earth and Environment,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan Anhui 232001,China;Engineering Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization and Ecological Protection of Soil and Water Resources in Anhui High groundwater Level Mining Area,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan Anhui 232001,China;Department of General Prevention and Geological Survey of Huaibei Mining(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Huaibei Anhui 235000,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽理工大学地球与环境学院,安徽淮南232001 [2]安徽理工大学安徽省高潜水位矿区水土资源综合利用与生态保护工程实验室,安徽淮南232001 [3]淮北矿业(集团)有限责任公司通防地测部,安徽淮北235000

出　　处：《安徽理工大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第3期30-39,共10页Journal of Anhui University of Science and Technology:Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41402309);淮北矿区开采沉陷地拉张裂隙控制(淮北矿业集团2019年项目);2019年淮南市科技计划项目;2022年淮北矿业集团科技计划项目。

摘　　要：为查明采煤沉陷地表拉张裂隙区重金属的分布特征与来源,以安徽淮北朱庄煤矿3522工作面上方的沉陷斜坡地表拉张裂隙区作为研究区域。选择2条典型纵向拉张裂隙将研究区从高到低分为Ι区、Ⅱ区、Ⅲ区,垂直于拉张裂隙布设了21个土壤采样点,讨论Zn、Ni、Cu、As、Pb、Cr、Cd等7种重金属的分布特征,运用主成分分析法、正定因子矩阵模型(PMF)解析重金属来源。结果表明,研究区Cd、Zn含量超过土壤背景值,重金属污染水平总体高于未沉陷区域;重金属在表层土壤富集,除了Cr其他重金属沿垂直分布无明显差异;Zn、As在Ι区、Ⅱ区富集,Cr在Ι区富集,Cd在Ⅲ区富集;Cr含量沿沉陷斜坡降低,Cd含量除0~20cm土层沿沉陷斜坡升高。依据相关性分析,Zn、As与有机质显著正相关,Cr与速效钾显著正相关,Cd与有效磷显著正相关;来源分析表明,Zn、Ni、Cu、As、Pb来自煤炭开采活动,Cr来自土壤母质及风化累积的作用,Cd来自污水灌溉、化肥使用等人为活动的影响。In order to find out the distribution characteristics and sources of heavy metals in the surface tension fracture zone of coal mining subsidence,the zone slope above the 3522 working face of Zhuzhuang Coal Mine in Huaibei,Anhui Province was taken as the research area.Two typical longitudinal tension fractures were selected to divide the study area from high to low into AreaΙ,AreaΠandArea III,and 21 soil sampling points were arranged perpendicular to the tension fractures.The distribution characteristics of 7 heavy metals such as Zn,Ni,Cu,As,Pb,Cr and Cd were discussed.The source of heavy metals was analyzed by principal component analysis and positive definite factor matrix model(PMF).The results showed that the contents of Cd and Zn in the study area exceeded the soil background value,and the heavy metal pollution level was higher than that in the non-subsidence area.Heavy metals were enriched in the surface soil,and there was no significant difference in the vertical distribution of other heavy metals except Cr.Zn and Aswere enriched in Area I and Area II,Cr was enriched in Area I,and Cd was enriched in Area III.Cr content decreased along the subsidence slope,and Cd content increased along the subsidence slope except for 0~20 cm soil layer.Correlation analysis showed that Zn and As were positively correlated with organic matter significantly,Cr was positively correlated with available potassium significantly,and Cd was positively correlated with available phosphorus significantly.Source analysis showed that Zn,Ni,Cu,As and Pb came from the coal mining activities,Cr came from the soil parent material and weathering accumulation,and Cd came from human activities such as sewage irrigation and fertilizer.

关 键 词：煤矿 拉张裂隙区 重金属 分布规律 源解析 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]