公路太阳能发电的环境影响综述及发展对策  

Environmental Impact Review and Development Strategies of Solar Power in Highway

作　　者：陈学平[1] 简丽[1] 陶双成[1] 顾晓锋[1] 李滨杉 CHEN Xueping;JIAN Li;TAO Shuangcheng;GU Xiaofeng;LI Binshan(China Academy of Transportation Sciences,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]交通运输部科学研究院,北京100029

出　　处：《交通运输研究》2023年第4期17-31,共15页Transport Research

基　　金：甘肃省交通运输厅科技项目(JT-JJ-2023-008);河南省交通运输厅科技项目(2022-5-2)。

摘　　要：针对公路太阳能发电带来的环境影响,综述了公路太阳能发电技术应用的减排效益及其对生态、微气候等环境的影响,并重点结合公路行业技术发展问题提出了对策。结果表明,光伏电池的内耗能、能量偿还期、能耗回收比等指标值差异大,光伏较化石燃料发电仍可大幅减少碳排放,公路行业对各种太阳能技术适用性、生命周期评价方法等仍缺乏相关研究,行业应用的混合光伏、电能储用等技术还缺少适用评价指南;太阳能电站建设与运营会造成迁徙鸟类、偏振敏感性昆虫等死亡,针对公路光伏扩展对相关类群影响的研究仍旧缺乏;太阳能电站建设会改变地表风场、降水、温度等气象条件,对地表植被、水土流失、土壤稳定性与“热岛”效应等产生影响,当前在公路光伏设施建设水土保持方面开展了少量研究,但还缺乏关于公路光伏对坡面风蚀、风荷载及稳定性的影响评估与缓解方法的研究;光伏会改变太阳光照与反射,产生光污染,仍缺乏对驾驶员视觉舒适度的影响评价与缓解方法的研究,光伏减反射膜、防眩膜等新技术的推广也不足。基于公路与太阳能设施的叠加环境影响,从完善公路太阳能发电全生命周期评价方法指南,强化设备选型与协同技术优化等方面,提出了公路太阳能发电技术应用的环境保护路线、管理与技术对策。In response to the environmental impact of highway solar power plants,this paper summarizes the emission reduction benefits of solar power development in highway,the impact of solar power facilities on ecological and microclimate environment,etc.,and puts forward strategies based on the conflicts of highway and solar power development.The results indicate that there are great differences for indicators such as embedded energy,energy payback time,and energy returned on invested for different photovoltaic modules,while photovoltaic power can still reduce carbon emissions greatly compared to fossil fuel power.There is seldom research carried out on the applicability of different solar technology and methods of Life Cycle Assessment(LCA)in highway and still lack of available methodology guidelines for technologies used in highway,including hybrid photovoltaic,electric energy storage and use etc.The construction and operation of solar power plants can cause the death of migratory birds,polarotactic insects,and other species,while there is still lack of research on the dual influence of highway and photovoltaics expansion on these taxa.Photovoltaic panels change surface wind fields,precipitation,temperature,and other meteorological condition,affecting on surface vegetation and soil erosion,soil stability,and"heat island"effect.A few research has been conducted on soil and water conservation for highway photovoltaic facilities construction,and there is lack of evaluation and mitigation methods for slope wind erosion,wind load,and stability combined with highway photovoltaic construction.Photovoltaics can change solar reflections,resulting in light pollution,while there is still lack of research on visual comfort of drivers,and the application and development of new technologies such as antireflection and anti-glare coating glass for photovoltaic modules are insufficient in highway.Based on the dual environmental impact of highways and solar facilities,this paper proposes environmental protection routes,management and te

关 键 词：公路 太阳能设施 光伏 环境影响 生态系统 微气候 生命周期评价 

分 类 号：U491.1[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]