2022年夏季四川盆地区域性极端高温天气特征及成因分析  

Characteristics and causes of extreme high temperature weather in Sichuan Basin in the summer of 2022

作　　者：周春花 吴薇 ZHOU Chunhua;WU Wei(Sichuan Meteorological Disaster Prevention Technology Center,Chengdu 610072;Heavy Rain and Drought-Flood Disaster in Plateau and Basin Key Laboratory of Sichuan province,Chengdu 610072;Sichuan Meteorological Observation and Data Center,Chengdu 610072)

机构地区：[1]四川省气象灾害防御技术中心,成都610072 [2]高原与盆地暴雨与旱涝灾害四川省重点实验室,成都610072 [3]四川省气象探测数据中心,成都610072

出　　处：《中国防汛抗旱》2023年第8期29-35,共7页China Flood & Drought Management

基　　金：高原与盆地暴雨旱涝灾害四川省重点实验室科技发展基金项目(SCQXKJYJXMS202222)。

摘　　要：基于1981—2022年四川盆地104个气象站逐日气温、降雨量资料和欧洲中期天气预报中心(ERA5)逐日再分析等资料,分析2022年四川盆地区域性极端高温过程的特征和成因。结果表明,2022年8月区域性极端高温过程中有87%的站点最高气温突破历史极值,本站最高气温较历史极值平均偏高1.4℃。区域性极端高温过程持续天数高达35 d,为历史最长,影响面积也最广,是历史平均值的近2倍。同时过程综合强度评估等级为特强,指数达到了37.49,为历史最强,历史上第2强过程(2016年)指数也仅为12。造成本次区域性极端高温过程的南亚高压强度较历史同期偏强14 dagpm,脊点偏东20个经度,西太平洋副热带高压(以下简称西太副高)历史同期偏强9 dagpm,脊点偏西50个经度,盆地上空对流层中高层均为强大的高压控制,致使四川盆地持续盛行下沉气流,增温明显。西太副高控制下的高温天气中非绝热因子对高温的产生起到关键作用,地面净辐射值较常年平均偏高3.5×10^(6) J/m^(2),地表净辐射增加,使得地面气温进一步升高。Based on the daily temperature and rainfall data of 104 meteorological stations in the Sichuan basin from 1981 to 2022 and the daily reanalysis data of European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5),the characteristics and causes of the regional extreme high temperature process in Sichuan Basin in 2022 were analyzed.The analysis results show that 87%of the stations in the regional extreme high temperature process in August 2022 have the highest temperature breaking through the historical extreme value,and the highest temperature in this station is 1.4℃higher than the historical extreme value on average.The duration of regional extreme high temperature process is up to 35 days,which is the longest in history,and the area of influence is also the largest,nearly twice the historical average.At the same time,the comprehensive strength evaluation level of the process is particularly strong,with an index of 37.49,ranking first.and the second strongest process in history(2016)was only 12.The intensity of the South Asia High pressure that caused this regional extreme high temperature process is 14 dagpm stronger than that of the same period in history,and the ridge point is 20 longitudes to the east.The West Pacific subtropical high was 9 dagpm stronger than that of the same period of history,and its ridge point was 50 longitudes to the west.The middle and upper tropospheric layers above the basin were controlled by strong high pressure,resulting in the continuous prevalence of downdraft in Sichuan basin,with obvious warming.The no adiabatic factors play a key role in the high temperature weather under the control of the Western Pacific subtropical high,The ground net radiation value is 3.5×10^(6) J/m^(2) higher than the annual average,the strong ground net radiation increases,making the temperature rise.

关 键 词：高温 区域性高温过程 环流异常 地面净辐射 四川盆地 2022年夏季 

分 类 号：P423[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]