银杏外种皮与垂序商陆叶提取物复配剂对小菜蛾及十字花科作物幼苗的生理影响  

Physiology influence of extract mixture of Ginkgo biloba sarcotesta and Phytolacca americana leaf on the Plutella xylostella and cruciferous crop seedlings

作　　者：蒋蜜涵 廖灵洁 廖阳 黄卓颖 王丽倩 于凌一丹 闫荣玲 JIANG Mi-han;LIAO Ling-jie;LIAO Yang;HUANG Zhuo-ying;WANG Li-qian;YU Ling-yi-dan;YAN Rong-ling(College of Life Sciences and Chemistry Engineering,Hunan University of Science and Engineering;Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Dominant Plant Resources in Southern Hunan;Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Ginkgo biloba,Yongzhou 425199,China;School of Life Sciences,Inner Mongolia University,Huhhot 010021,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南科技学院化学与生物工程学院 [2]湘南优势植物资源综合利用湖南省重点实验室 [3]湖南省银杏工程技术中心,永州425199 [4]内蒙古大学生命科学学院,呼和浩特010021

出　　处：《天然产物研究与开发》2023年第9期1583-1590,共8页Natural Product Research and Development

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金(2020JJ4325);国家级及湖南省大学生创新创业训练项目(教高司函〔2022〕10号202210551001,湘教通[2022]174号4203);湖南科技学院大学生2021年度创新创业训练计划(31)。

摘　　要：为探究银杏外种皮(Ginkgo biloba sarcotesta)与垂序商陆叶(Phytolacca americana leaf)提取物复配剂对小菜蛾及其主要危害对象十字花科植物幼苗的生理影响,本研究利用直接测量、显微解剖、分光光度法等多种方法测定了复配剂作用前后小菜蛾及十字花科代表性植物萝卜幼苗的生理变化。结果发现:复配剂处理下未被致死小菜蛾幼虫继续完成发育并化蛹结茧,但茧重及羽化率显著低于对照组(P<0.05);复配剂未致小菜蛾幼虫肠道出现明显形状、颜色、表观结构变化,但显著降低了幼虫体内神经传导、解毒、抗氧化相关的乙酰胆碱酯酶、羧酸酯酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性(P<0.05);复配剂对萝卜幼苗的株高、鲜重、干重有一定抑制效应,并引发幼苗体内SOD活性、POD活性、MDA含量、叶片电导率增加及叶片净光合速率的动态变化(先降后升)。结果提示,复配剂协同影响了小菜蛾幼虫体内神经、解毒、抗氧化多种生理机能,且复配剂毒性效应可持续小菜蛾整个生命阶段;其施用还诱发十字花科植物幼苗出现生长抑制及生理应激,因此在达到防治效果前提下应尽量降低复配剂的使用浓度。In order to explore the physiology influence of extract mixture of Ginkgo biloba sarcotesta and Phytolacca americana leaf on the Plutella xylostella and its main victim of cruciferous crop seedlings,the physiological indexes of P.xylostella and radish seedlings which is a typical cruciferous plants before and after mixture treating were determined by direct measurement,microanatomy,spectrophotometry and other methods.Results showed that,the surviving P.xylostella larvae under the treatment of mixture completed the subsequent growth and development process successfully including pupated and cocooned,though the cocoon weight and eclosion rate were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05);The extract mixture did not lead to a obvious intestine changes in shape,colour and apparent structure of the P.xylostella,but reduced the enzyme activities of acetylcholinesterase,carboxylesterase,peroxidase and hydrogen peroxidease significantly which were closely related to the function of nerve conduction,detoxification and antioxidant in P.xylostella(P<0.05);The extract mixture lead to inhibition of height,fresh and dry weight of radish seedlings,and increase of SOD activity,POD activity,MDA content and leaf conductivity,as well as a dynamic change of net photosynthetic rate in leaf.Results suggest that the extract mixture has a synergistic effect on the function of nerve,detoxification,oxidation resistance in the P.xylostella larvae,its toxic effect could last whole life stage of the P.xylostella,and the extract mixture could induce growth inhibitory and physiological responses of the cruciferous crop,so the utilization concentration of mixture should be reduced as much as possible based on effective control to the P.xylostella.

关 键 词：银杏 垂序商陆 提取物复配剂 小菜蛾 十字花科作物 生理响应 

分 类 号：S433.1[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S567.19[农业科学—植物保护]