如何理解马克思的历史唯物主义宗教观——从宗教批判范式的考察谈起  

How to Understand Marx’s Historical Materialist View of Religion:From the Examination of the Paradigm of Religious Criticism

作　　者：王兴辉 WANG Xinghui(School of Marxism,University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《当代中国价值观研究》2023年第4期49-59,共11页Chinese Journal of Contemporary Values

基　　金：中国社会科学院大学青年教师科研启动专项“唯物史观基本原理的新阐释及其当代价值研究”(校20220019)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：宗教批判的前提是明晰宗教的理论范式。以感情、精神、意志为基础的自然宗教和理性宗教,无法超脱唯心主义范式。伴随着马克思整体思想的演进,马克思从理性唯心主义转向现实的政治和社会调查,逐渐深入宗教背后的市民社会,最终确立了历史唯物主义宗教观。历史唯物主义宗教观是对以往唯心主义宗教观的根本超越,马克思以历史发生学的视角对宗教的产生、发展、演变进行了分析,科学揭示了宗教的本质。以拜物教为基础的宗教观念是当代资本主义社会新的宗教形式,具有宗教的形而上学性,但其根基仍在社会实践之中,因此可以运用历史唯物主义的原则和方法对其进行解释和祛弊。The prerequisite for religious critique is to clarify the theoretical paradigm of religion.Natural and rational religions based on emotion,spirit and will cannot transcend the idealistic paradigm.Along with the evolution of Marx's overall thought,Marx moved from rational idealism to the reality of political and social investigation,gradually penetrating into the civil society which behinds religion and finally establishing a historical materialist view of religion.The historical materialist view of religion is a fundamental transcendence of the previous idealist view of religion.Marx analyzed the emergence,development,and evolution of religion from the perspective of historical genesis,and scientifically revealed the essence of religion.The religious concept based on fetishism is a new form of religion in contemporary capitalist society.The religious concept has the metaphysical nature of religion,but its roots are still in social practice,so it can be explained and dispelled by applying the principles and methods of historical materialism.

关 键 词：宗教批判 物质生产 宗教观念 历史唯物主义宗教观 

分 类 号：B03[哲学宗教—哲学理论]