哈尼梯田遗产地聚居空间演变的环境特征及社会制约  

Environmental characteristics and social constraints of spatial evolution of settlement in Hani Terrace Heritage site

作　　者：何俊梅 华红莲[1] 丁智强 王兴蓉 HE Junmei;HUA Honglian;DING Zhiqiang;WANG Xingrong(Faculty of Geographical Science,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学地理学部,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《资源开发与市场》2023年第9期1127-1134,共8页Resource Development & Market

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:41861030、42161040)。

摘　　要：遗产旅游开发背景下,研究哈尼梯田遗产地聚居空间的特征演变及影响因素,对于遗产地景观格局的监测以及遗产地的可持续发展具有重要意义。基于最近邻指数、核密度分析、信息熵等方法揭示哈尼梯田世界遗产地2005、2010、2015、2020年4个时段聚居空间的演变及自然、社会因素。结果发现:①4个时段内遗产区哈尼族聚居空间均呈集聚状态,但集聚程度明显增加,不断新增聚集中心并沿旅游环线呈现带状聚集分布。②从空间分布趋势看,高程居中、坡度相对较小的区域是聚居空间分布的主要地区;越靠近水源的地区聚居空间增长速度越快;由于道路修建带来发展机遇,导致紧邻道路100m的范围成为聚居空间增长最快速的空间。③聚居空间演变除了受地形指数、水源距离和道路远近因素的牵引,同时还受来自于氏族关系的社会制约:村寨的姓氏结构越简单,聚居空间演化的集聚特征越明显。村寨聚居空间的演化将对哈尼梯田长期形成的“森林—村寨—梯田—水系”景观格局的稳定产生影响,在外在因素驱动聚居空间快速变化情况下,从氏族关系及其社会制约入手分析聚居空间的优化调控是可能的路径。Under the background of heritage tourism development,it is of great significance to study the feature of the spatial pattern evolution of settlement and its restraining factors for monitoring the landscape pattern of heritage and the protection and sustainable development of Hani Terraces.Based on average nearest neighbor ratio,kernel density analysis,information entropy and other methods,this paper revealed the spatial evolution characteristics and the natural and social factors of Hani Terraces in four time periods:2005,2010,2015 and 2020.The results showed that:①During the four periods,the Hani people's settlement space in the heritage area was clustered,but the degree of clustering had increased significantly,with new clustering centers being added and a band-like clustering distribution along the tourism circuit.②From the perspective of spatial distribution,the region with the medium elevation and relatively small slope was the main area of settlement spatial distribution;The closer the area to the water source,the faster the growth rate of settlement space;Due to the development opportunities brought by road construction,the area adjacent to road 100m had become the fastest growing space of residential areas.③The spatial evolution of settlement was not only driven by factors such as terrain index,distance to water sources and the proximity of roads,but also by social constraints from clan relations:the simpler the surname structure of the village,the more obvious the agglomeration characteristics of settlement.The evolution of settlements with villages as the main body would have an impact on the stability of the long-term“forest-settlement-terrace-water system”landscape pattern in Hani Terraces.In the case of rapid change in settlement driven by external factors,this paper suggested that the optimal regulation of settlement space was a possible path from the perspective of clan relations and their social constraints.

关 键 词：聚居空间 时空格局 环境依赖 氏族人口 哈尼梯田遗产 

分 类 号：K901[历史地理—人文地理学]