第三方支付的风险溯源与法律应对  

Risk Traceability and Legal Countermeasures of Third-party Payment

作　　者：闫夏秋 YAN Xia-qiu(School of Law,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学法学院,江苏南京211100

出　　处：《中国流通经济》2023年第9期115-126,共12页China Business and Market

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学基金青年项目“金融数据库的公私协同法律规制研究”(21YJC820044);中央高校基本科研业务费人文社会科学专项课题项目“金融数据分类分级的法律治理路径研究”(B230207067)。

摘　　要：目前,我国第三方支付面临市场垄断、负外部性、营利性、信息不对称等带来的与市场相关的风险,以及准入门槛高、退出机制僵化、监管标准严苛、消费者权益保护薄弱等带来的与监管相关的风险。第三方支付兼具私人与公共双重属性,其私人属性与以金融安全为先的强管控型监管机制存在必然冲突。因此,第三方支付私人与公共双重属性的失衡,成为导致第三方支付市场与监管双重风险的根源。调和与化解第三方支付双重风险的关键在于,正确认识金融安全与金融创新的辩证关系,以平衡法益为出发点,促进社会公共利益与第三方支付机构利益的趋同。要构建以消费者权益保护为基点的公私法协调机制,通过加强消费者权益保护来平衡社会公共利益、第三方支付机构利益、消费者权益三者间的关系;要促进监管科技与传统机构监管的有机融合,构建包容审慎的第三方支付监管体系;要将重要第三方支付机构认定为关键信息基础设施,以进行更有针对性的规制;要构建完善的第三方支付准入退出动态调节机制,在允许有限垄断的同时积极促进市场竞争,为第三方支付机构有序进出创造宽松而谨慎的制度空间。At present,third-party payment is faced with the risks of market monopoly,negative externality,profitability,and information asymmetry;besides,it is also faced with supervision related risks brought by high threshold of access,rigid withdrawing mechanism,strict supervision standard,and weaken protection of consumers'right and interests.Third-party payment has the attributes of both private product and public product,and there must be conflict between the private attribute of it and strong management and control financial supervision strategy taking financial safety as the orientation.So,the imbalanced attributes of private product and public product has become the source of the dual risk in both the third-party payment market and supervision.The key to reconcile and defuse the dual risks facing the third-party payment is to have correct understanding of the dialectical relation between financial safety and financial innovation,and take the balanced interests as the starting point to promote the convergence of social public interests and the interests of the third-party payment institutions.We should,first,establish a public-private law coordination mechanism based on the protection of consumer's right and interests,and balance the relation among social public interests,the interests of the third-party payment institutions,and the right and interests of consumers through strengthening the protection of consumers'right and interests;second,we should promote the organic combination of supervision sci-tech and traditional institution supervision,and construct an inclusive and prudent supervision system for the third-party payment;third,we should identify the third-party payment institutions as critical information infrastructure to carry out the more targeted regulation;and fourth,we should construct the perfect dynamic adjustment mechanism for the withdrawing of the third-party payment,and positively promote market competition while permitting limited monopoly to provide the access and withdrawing of third-party pay

关 键 词：第三方支付 社会公共利益 消费者权益 监管科技 准入退出机制 

分 类 号：F832[经济管理—金融学]