红壤丘陵区稻田土壤剖面肥力特征及其与产量的关系  

The profile fertility characteristics of paddy fields and their relationship with yields in red soil hilly region

作　　者：李秀秀 涂田华[3] 柳开楼[4] 陈先茂[1,2] 谢江[1,2] 邓国强[1,2] 梁喜欢 黄晶[5] 关贤交[1,2] 邱才飞[1,2] 钱银飞[1,2] 彭春瑞[1,2] 陈金[1,2] LI Xiu-xiu;TU Tian-hua;LIU Kai-lou;CHEN Xian-mao;XIE Jiang;DENG Guo-qiang;LIANG Xi-huan;HUANG Jing;GUAN Xian-jiao;QIU Cai-fei;QIAN Yin-fei;PENG Chun-rui;CHEN Jin(Soil and Fertilizer&Resources and Environment Institute,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System for the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement/National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment of Yichun,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330200,China;Jinggangshan Institute of Red Soil/Jinggangshan Branch of Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Ji’an,Jiangxi 343016,China;Institute for Quality&Safety and Standards of Agricultural Products Research,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330200,China;Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil/National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330046,China;National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所/农业农村部长江中下游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心/国家农业环境宜春试验站,江西南昌330200 [2]井冈山红壤研究所/江西省农业科学院井冈山分院,江西吉安343016 [3]江西省农业科学院农产品质量安全与标准研究所,江西南昌330200 [4]江西省红壤研究所/国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心,江西南昌330200 [5]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/耕地培育技术国家工程实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2023年第8期1390-1399,共10页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32060431,32260545);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300901);江西省农业科学院基础研究与人才培养项目(JXSNKYJCRC202323)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究不同产量稻田土壤肥力的剖面特征,明确调控作物产量的关键环境因子,以提高低产田、稳定高产田的粮食产量,实现“藏粮于地”的国家战略目标。【方法】试验在江西进贤进行,稻田年产量>15000 kg/hm^(2)、12000~15000 kg/hm^(2)和<10000 kg/hm^(2)的地块分别代表高产、中产和低产土壤,选取高、中、低产量稻田样点各3个,采集耕作层、犁底层和潴育层土壤样品,测定耕作层厚度、容重、土壤紧实度、pH、阳离子交换量(CEC)、有机质含量、全量和有效氮磷钾含量、微生物生物量碳(MBC)和氮(MBN)等,并对土壤剖面性质和水稻产量进行线性相关分析和随机森林分析。【结果】1)高产田耕作层最厚,在16 cm左右,而低产田在13 cm左右,高产田耕作层土壤容重最小,为1.09 g/cm^(3),而低产田为1.21 g/cm^(3),高产田犁底层厚度和紧实度均最高,低产田最低。2)高、中、低产田土壤pH、碳氮磷养分含量和微生物生物量均表现为高产田>中产田>低产田,在土壤剖面上具有明显的“表聚”特征。高产田耕作层土壤有机质、全氮、有效氮、全磷和有效磷含量分别为38.82 g/kg、2.33 g/kg、198.54 mg/kg、0.81 g/kg和33.04 mg/kg,而低产田耕作层分别为29.75 g/kg、1.89 g/kg、158.71 mg/kg、0.62 g/kg和23.51 mg/kg。高产田耕作层土壤MBC和MBN含量分别为929.2、42.5 mg/kg,而低产田分别为533.6、30.8 mg/kg。3)在3个产量水平稻田土壤中钾素含量均随土层深度增加而增加,在低产田表现尤其明显,低产田耕作层全钾含量为8.12 g/kg,但母质层为10.77 g/kg。4)相关性分析和随机森林分析结果表明,水稻产量与耕作层土壤pH、有机质、全量和有效氮磷钾含量、微生物生物量碳氮以及微生物生物量碳氮比、耕作层厚度均呈显著正相关,这些变量可以解释水稻产量变化的53.7%,其中,微生物生物量碳、微生物生物量碳氮比和耕作层厚度是影响作�【Objectives】Red paddy soils are important cultivated land resources for the food safety of China,however,the large proportion of middle and low yield fields need improvement to take the responsibility.We compared the fertility variation characteristics across soil profiles in different yield levels,to propose the key points of low yield field improvement and serve the national strategic goal of“storing grain in the ground”.【Methods】The research was carried out in Jinxian County,Jiangxi Province.The paddy soils were divided into high-,middle-and low-yield fields according to annual rice yield of>15000 kg/hm^(2),12000−15000 kg/hm^(2)and<10000 kg/hm^(2).At the three yield level fields,soil samples were collected on the arable layer,plough pan and waterlogged layer for measurement of layer depth,bulk density,penetration resistance,pH,cation exchange capacity(CEC),organic matter,total and available NPK,and microbial biomass carbon(MBC)and nitrogen(MBN).The relationship between soil profile properties and rice yield was analyzed using the linear correlation analysis and random forest analysis.【Results】In high and low yield fields,the plough layer depth is around 16 cm and 13 cm,soil bulk density was 1.09 g/cm^(3)and 1.21 g/cm^(3),respectively.The plough pan thickness and density were in descent order of high-,middle-and low-yield fields.The chemical properties of plough layer in high-yield fields are organic matter 38.82 g/kg,total N 2.33 g/kg,available N 198.54 mg/kg,total P 0.81 g/kg,available P 33.04 mg/kg,while those in low yield fields were 29.75 g/kg,1.89 g/kg,158.71 mg/kg,0.62 g/kg,23.51 mg/kg,respectively.The MBC and MBN of plough layer were 929.2 mg/kg and 42.5 mg/kg in high-yield fields,while those were 533.6 mg/kg and 30.8 mg/kg in low yield fields,respectively.The soil pH and the organic C,N,P,and microbial biomass showed obvious“surface aggregation”characteristics along soil profile,and declined with the yield from high to low level.However,the K content in all the tested fields incre

关 键 词：红壤区 水稻土 产量水平 土壤剖面 肥力 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学] S511[农业科学—农业基础科学]