连续负压供水对玉米氮素吸收、叶片硝酸还原酶活性及根际氮素供应的影响  

Effects of continuous negative pressure water supply on maize nitrogen uptake,leaf nitrate reductase activity and rhizosphere nitrogen supply

作　　者：张吉立[1,2] 冀金凤 龙怀玉[3] 王鹏[1] ZHANG Ji-li;JI Jin-feng;LONG Huai-yu;WANG Peng(Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing,Heilongjiang 163319,China;Daqing Vocational College,Daqing,Heilongjiang 163255,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学,黑龙江大庆163319 [2]大庆职业学院,黑龙江大庆163255 [3]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2023年第8期1411-1422,共12页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFE0112300)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析连续负压供水下玉米的氮素吸收和叶片硝酸还原酶活性(NR)及根际土壤碱解氮和脲酶活性的影响,为提高负压供水效率提供理论依据。【方法】连续负压供水田间试验于2019和2020年在黑龙江八一农垦大学试验基地开展,供试玉米品种为‘先玉335’。以常规浇灌为对照(CK),设置3个负压供水压力处理:−5 kPa、−10 kPa、−15 kPa,分析了不同生育时期玉米根、茎、叶、苞叶、穗轴和籽粒氮吸收量、叶片硝态氮含量和NR活性、玉米生物量和产量,同时测定了土壤含水量、根际土壤碱解氮含量和脲酶活性。【结果】在玉米各生育期,−5 kPa处理与CK土壤含水量无显著差异,而−10 kPa和−15 kPa处理显著低于CK;在玉米成熟期,根系、地上部生物量和籽粒产量以−5 kPa处理最高,与CK相比,2019年分别提高了72.67%、24.81%和38.74%,2020年地上部生物量和籽粒产量分别提高了13.30%和16.21%,而−10 kPa和−15 kPa处理显著低于CK。与CK相比,−5 kPa处理促进了玉米对氮的吸收和利用,2019年根、茎、叶、穗轴和籽粒氮吸收量比CK分别提高了24.92%、24.86%、32.01%、18.07%和16.77%,2020年分别提高了8.27%、85.01%、30.13%、18.07%和16.77%;而−10 kPa和−15 kPa处理降低了各部位和总氮吸收量。−5 kPa处理较CK显著提高了玉米叶片硝态氮含量和NR活性,而−10 kPa和−15 kPa处理显著降低了抽雄期和成熟期叶片硝态氮含量和NR活性。在−5 kPa处理下,根际土壤碱解氮含量在拔节期至大喇叭口期与CK无显著差异,2019年抽雄期至成熟期显著低于CK 10.08%和20.91%,2020年分别低25.88%和31.93%;而−10 kPa处理,特别是−15 kPa处理均显著高于CK。−5 kPa处理根际土脲酶活性整个玉米生育期均显著低于CK,2019年拔节期、大喇叭口期、抽雄期、成熟期分别降低了14.12%、20.44%、23.59%和15.53%,2020年大喇叭口期、抽雄期和成熟期分别降低了23.12%、32【Objectives】We investigated the effects of continuous negative pressure water supply on maize N uptake,leaves nitrate reductase activity(NR),alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content and urease activity in rhizosphere soil,so as to provide a theoretical basis for improving the efficiency of negative pressure water supply.【Methods】Negative pressure watering experiments were carried out in the Experimental Base of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University in 2019 and 2020,the maize variety Xianyu 335 was used as the test material.Taking conventional watering as control(CK),three negative pressure watering treatments(−5 kPa,−10 kPa and−15 kPa),were setup.At the main growing stages of maize,plant samples were collected for the analysis of leaf nitrate nitrogen content and nitrate reductase activity,and the nitrogen uptake in maize root,stem,leaf,bract,cob and grains,and the maize biomass and yield were measured;soil samples were collected at the same stage for the determination of water and alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen(AN)content,and the urease activities in rhizosphere soil.【Results】The soil moisture content was not significantly different between CK and−5 kPa treatment during various growth stages of maize,while those in−10 kPa and−15 kPa treatments were significantly lower than CK;the maize root system,aboveground biomass and grain yield under−5 kPa treatment were the highest at maturity,which were 72.67%,24.81%and 38.74%higher than CK in 2019,respectively,and the aboveground biomass and grain yield were 13.30%and 16.21%higher than CK in 2020,respectively;However,the tested indexes under−10 kPa and−15 kPa treatments were significantly lower than in CK.−5 kPa treatment promoted maize N uptake and utilization,the average N uptake of roots,stems,leaves,cobs,and grains was 24.92%,24.86%,32.01%,18.07%,and 16.77%higher than CK in 2019,and 8.27%,85.01%,30.13%,18.07%,and 16.77%higher than CK in 2020,respectively;while−10 kPa and−15 kPa treatments reduced the total N uptake of maize.The NO3--N co

关 键 词：氮吸收 硝酸还原酶 土壤氮 玉米 连续负压供水 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]