3个砂梨品种在荆州地区的主要生物学特性和适应性比较  

Comparison of major biological characteristics and adaptability of three sand pear varieties in Jingzhou Area

作　　者：王贵元[1] 许锋[1] WANG Guiyuan;XU Feng(College of Horticulture and Gardening,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,Hubei)

机构地区：[1]长江大学园艺园林学院,湖北荆州434025

出　　处：《长江大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第4期97-101,共5页Journal of Yangtze University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：湖北省重点研发计划项目“富硒植物选育、高效生物转化及富硒功能产品生产关键技术研发”(2020BBA043)。

摘　　要：以‘长梨一号’、‘翠冠’和‘圆黄’3个砂梨品种为试验材料,调查了其芽苗在湖北荆州地区定植后第1年和第3年的生长表现和适应性,结果表明,芽苗定植后第1年,‘圆黄’株高最高,达164.4 cm,‘翠冠’株高最低,为116.4 cm;‘长梨一号’叶片数量最少,为11.5片,‘翠冠’和‘圆黄’叶片数量相当;‘长梨一号’接芽成活率最高,接芽成活率为82.4%,而‘翠冠’和‘圆黄’的接芽成活率分别为64.9%和62.1%。定植后第3年,‘圆黄’株高最高,达3.46 m,‘翠冠’和‘长梨一号’株高相当,分别为2.72 m和2.65 m;‘圆黄’冠径最大,‘翠冠’和‘长梨一号’冠径相当;从一年生枝条数量来看,‘圆黄’不论是长枝、中枝还是短枝的枝条数量均为最多,而‘翠冠’和‘长梨一号’的长枝、中枝、短枝枝条数量相当;‘圆黄’单株花序数量最多,达81簇,‘翠冠’居中,达48簇,‘长梨一号’最少,只有28簇;‘长梨一号’花序花朵数最多,达9朵,而‘圆黄’和‘翠冠’相当,只有7朵;⑤‘翠冠’和‘长梨一号’物候期相近,‘圆黄’比‘翠冠’和‘长梨一号’晚5 d左右,果实成熟期相差10 d左右;从虫害来看,‘圆黄’最轻,‘翠冠’其次,‘长梨一号’表现最为严重。由此可见,‘圆黄’梨在荆州地区的适应性最强,‘长梨一号’在荆州地区的适应性最弱。The growth performance and adaptability of‘Chang Li No.1’,‘Cui Guan’and‘Yuan Huang’after their planting in Jingzhou Area in the first and third years were investigated.The results were shown as follows:The first year after the planting of the bud seedling,the plant height of‘Yuan Huang’was the highest reaching about 164.4 cm,‘Cui Guan’was the lowest about reaching 116.4 cm;the leaf number of‘Chang Li No.1’was the least about 11,‘Cui Guan’and‘Yuan Huang’were equivalent;the survival rate of‘Chang Li No.1’was the highest reaching about 82.4%,However,the survival rate of‘Cui Guan’and‘Yuan Huang’was 64.9%and 62.1%respectively.The third year after the planting,the plant height of‘Yuan Huang’was the highest about 3.46 m,‘Cui Guan’and‘Chang Li No.1’were 2.72 m and 2.65 m respectively;the crown diameter of‘Yuan Huang’was the largest,‘Cui Guan’and‘Chang Li No.1’were equivalent;the number of annual branches of‘Yuan Huang’was the largest whatever long,medium or short branches,and that of‘Cui Guan’and‘Chang Li No.1’were equivalent;the number of inflorescence per plant of‘Yuan Huang’was the most up to 81 clusters,‘Cui Guan’was middle about 48 clusters,‘Chang Li No.1’was the least only 28 clusters;the number of inflorescence flowers of‘Chang Li No.1’was the largest about 9,‘Yuan Huang’and‘Cui Guan’were equal only 7;the phenological period of‘Cui Guan’and‘Chang Li No.1’were similar,‘Yuan Huang’was about 5 days later than that of‘Cui Guan’and‘Chang Li No.1’,and their fruit maturity was about 10 days different;the damage by insects expression of‘Yuan Huang’was the lightest,next to‘Cui Guan’,‘Chang Li No.1’was the most serious.Thus it can be seen,‘Yuan Huang’had the strongest adaptability in Jingzhou Area,and‘Chang Li No.1’had the weakest adaptability in Jingzhou Area.

关 键 词：‘圆黄’ ‘翠冠’ ‘长梨一号’ 生长特性 适应性 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]