中亚及邻近地区地中海式气候分布及特征分析  

Distribution and Characteristics of Mediterranean Climatein Central Asia and Its Adjacent Areas

作　　者：陈文龙 瞿家燕 程晓龙[3] CHEN Wen-long;QU Jia-yan;CHENG Xiao-long(Meteorological Bureau of Liangshan Prefecture,Xichang Sichuan 615000,China;No.1 Middle School of Xichang City,Xichang Sichuan 615000,China;Institute of Plateau Meteorology of Chengdu,CMA,Chengdu Sichuan 610072,China)

机构地区：[1]凉山州气象局,四川西昌615000 [2]西昌市第一中学,四川西昌615000 [3]中国气象局成都高原气象研究所,成都610072

出　　处：《西华师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第5期505-513,共9页Journal of China West Normal University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：中国科学院A类战略性先导科技专项项目(XDA23090103);中国气象局创新发展专项项目(CXF2021Z014)。

摘　　要：基于中亚及邻近地区地面气象站的多年观测资料和美国国家环境预报中心的再分析资料,利用地中海式气候的分类标准和天气学方法,对中亚东南部到阿富汗东北部以及我国新疆西部的地中海式气候的分布和特征进行了分析。结果表明:中亚东南部到阿富汗东北部的地中海式气候测站主要分布在山脉(高原)的西侧或南侧;中亚东南部和阿富汗东北部的热夏型地中海式气候大陆性较强,气温年较差大,年降水量偏少,多数测站春季降水较多,秋季降水较少,降水最多出现在3月或4月;我国新疆额敏地区属于半干旱的温带大陆性气候,只有春季降水最多、夏季降水少这一特征与地中海式气候类似;冬春季,西风带的低槽有利于中亚东南部到阿富汗东北部降水的产生,地形对气流的抬升作用也有利于迎风坡降水增加,而夏季副热带高压外围的反气旋环流抑制了降水的产生。研究结果对深入认识中亚及邻近地区的气候类型具有重要意义,并为进一步探究传统地中海式气候区以外的地中海式气候提供了重要参考。Based on many years’observation data of surface meteorological stations located in Central Asia and its adjacent areas,and the reanalysis data of NCEP,the distribution and characteristics of Mediterranean climate from southeast Central Asia to northeast Afghanistan and west Xinjiang of China are analyzed by employing the classification standards of Mediterranean climate and synoptic methods.The results indicate that Mediterranean climate stations from southeast Central Asia to northeast Afghanistan are mainly distributed in the west or south of the mountain ranges(plateau);the hot-summer Mediterranean climate is more continental in southeast Central Asia and northeast Afghanistan,where the annual temperature range is large but the annual precipitation is relatively small,and many stations have the most precipitation in spring,especially in March or April,but less precipitation in autumn;Emin of Xinjian in China,which is close in distance,has a semi-arid temperate continental climate,and it only resembles the Mediterranean climate in that it also has the most precipitation in spring but less precipitation in summer;the low trough of westerly belt in winter and spring is conducive to the generation of precipitation from southeast Central Asia to northeast Afghanistan,and the uplift effect of the terrain on the air flow is also conducive to the increase of precipitation on the windward slope whereas the anticyclone circulation around the periphery of the subtropical high in summer will inhibit the generation of precipitation.The results are of great significance to understand the climate type of Central Asia and its adjacent areas.Furthermore,it will provide an important reference for further exploring Mediterranean climate outside the traditional Mediterranean climate area.

关 键 词：地中海式气候 中亚 降水 地形 大气环流 

分 类 号：P462[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] K903[历史地理—人文地理学]