兩周金文施受同辭考索--兼論傳統訓詁學上的反訓  

Textual Research on the Agentive-Patientive Homography in Bronze Inscriptions of the Zhou Dynasty:Also on Fanxun(反訓)in Traditional Classical Chinese Semantics

作　　者：寇占民 Kou Zhanmin

机构地区：[1]河池學院文學與傳媒學院,廣西546300

出　　处：《出土文献综合研究集刊》2023年第1期50-66,共17页

基　　金：教育部人文社會科學研究規劃基金項目“主題分類視域下殷周金文動詞的整理與研究”(20XJA740003)的階段性成果。

摘　　要：兩周金文作爲當時社會“雅言”的記録,已經成爲探索上古漢語詳實而可靠的語料。通過對商周甲骨金文的梳理,我們認爲,“施受同辭”這一特殊語言現象萌芽於殷商時期的甲骨文,發展於兩周時期的金文,因此,兩周金文是“施受同辭”發展過程中不可缺少的重要一環。“施受同辭”並不是傳統訓詁學中的反訓方法,而是詞彙發展中的詞義衍化現象,即是一詞兼有正反兩個義項,可以稱之謂“反義共詞”。對兩周金文中“施受同辭”現象的整理與研究,既有助於對上古漢語中一詞兼有正反二義現象的起源與發展的探索,同時也有助於對傳統訓詁學中“反訓”現象的性質和成因的正確認識。As a record of the standard language of the society at that time,bronze inscriptions in the Zhou dynasty have become a detailed and reliable corpus for the exploration of Old Chinese.By straightening out the oracle bone and bronze inscriptions of Shang and Zhou dynasties,we hold that the special language phenomenon“agentive-patientive homography”germinated in the oracle bone inscriptions of the Shang(Yin)dynasty and advanced in the bronze inscriptions of the Zhou dynasty.Therefore,the bronze inscriptions of the Zhou dynasty are an indispensable link in the chain of advancement of agentive-patientive homography.The agentive-patientive homography is not Fanxun(反訓)in the traditional classical Chinese semantics,but a phenomenon of semantic derivation in the development of vocabulary,that is,a word with two senses of which one is the reverse of the other,which can be called enantiosemy.To collate and study the agentive-patientive homographs in the bronze inscriptions of the Zhou dynasty will not only contributes to exploring the origin and development of enantiosemy in Old Chinese,but also conduces to forming the correct understanding of the nature and cause of Fanxun in the traditional classical Chinese semantics.

关 键 词：兩周金文 施受同辭 反訓 反義共詞現象 動詞 

分 类 号：K224[历史地理—历史学] K877.3[历史地理—中国史] H13[语言文字—汉语]