清朝西藏地方政府官印的使用特点及相关问题探析  

An Analysis on the Characteristics and Related Issues of the Official Seal Usedby Tibetan Local Government in Qing Dynasty

作　　者：吕亚尼 朱德涛 Lyu Yani;Zhu Detao

机构地区：[1]四川民族出版社 [2]四川警察学院,成都610200

出　　处：《西藏研究》2023年第4期87-96,158,共11页Tibetan Studies

基　　金：2021年度国家社科基金青年项目“西藏古代印章与汉藏各民族交往交流交融研究”(项目编号:21CMZ045)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：结合盖印档案、印章实物及文献史料,对清朝西藏地方政府官印的使用及相关问题进行系统梳理和分析后认为,清朝西藏地方政府所用官印可分作中央政府封授、西藏地方制作和明朝遗存旧印三大来源体系。其中,中央政府封授官印与西藏地方自制印在使用过程中,它们的使用场合、受用群体、钤盖载体,以及发布公文权力的来源和文告的行政措辞都有比较严格的规范,并且二者形成鲜明对比;明朝遗存旧印是西藏特定时代背景和政治格局下的历史产物,其使用特点与清早期西藏的政治局势密切相关。上述问题的讨论,对于认识和理解清朝西藏地方政治制度以及中央政府和西藏地方关系具有重要价值。Combined with seal archives,seals and historical documents,this paper systematically sorts out andanalyzes the use of official seals by the local government of Tibet in the Qing Dynasty. The authorsclaim that official seals used by the local government of Tibet in the Qing Dynasty can be dividedinto three types.Firstly,the seal granted by the central government. Secondly,the seal made by the localgovernment of Tibet. Finally,the seal passed down from Ming Dynasty. For the first and secondtypes of seals,there are strict norms of usage occasion,user groups,carriers,the authority to issue officialdocuments and the administrative wording of the announcement. The usage of these two sealsforms obvious contrast in various aspects. The seals passed down from Ming Dynasty are the historicalproducts of the specific historical background and political structure in Tibet,the usage characteristicsof these seals are closely related to the political situation in Tibet in the early Qing Dynasty. Thediscussion of the above issues is of great value for understanding the local political system of Tibetin the Qing Dynasty and the relationship between the central government and Tibet.

关 键 词：清朝西藏 官印 档案文书 

分 类 号：D691[政治法律—政治学] K249[政治法律—中外政治制度]