咸潮入侵对长江上海段过境水资源利用的影响探讨  

Influence of saltwater intrusion on the utilization of transiting water resources in the Shanghai section of the Yangtze River

作　　者：卜东平 BU Dongping(Shanghai Pudong New District River Management Affairs Center,Shanghai 200122,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市浦东新区河道管理事务中心,上海200122

出　　处：《上海国土资源》2023年第3期61-67,共7页Shanghai Land & Resources

基　　金：上海市水务局科研项目(沪水科2023-06)。

摘　　要：长江是上海重要的饮用水水源地,沿江两岸已建有4座水库。长江流域水资源丰富,但入海水量年际变化大,年内分配不均,易受长江口咸潮入侵影响,上海的长江原水供应仍存在安全威胁。基于长江大通水文站长系列流量数据(1950—2022年),采用P-III型曲线进行水文频率计算,分析不同保证率下的大通站来水量,结合徐六泾水文站潮流量数据(2005—2022年),进行长江上海段的过境水量分析,掌握了丰水年、平水年和枯水年以及枯水期长江上海段的水量情况。分析结果显示:在枯水期或“汛期反枯”的情况下,长江口咸潮入侵成为制约长江上海段水资源利用的最主要因素,并据此提出相应的水资源联合调度等对策建议。The Yangtze River is the largest river in China,with abundant water resources in the basin.Water availability varies greatly annually,and the annual distribution is uneven.Shanghai has constructed four water sources along the Yangtze River,including the Qingcaosha and Chenhang Reservoirs,since the Yangtze River is their main source of drinking water.Although the transiting water resource in the Shanghai section of the Yangtze River is abundant,saltwater intrusion in the Yangtze River estuary can threaten the supply of raw water in the dry season or in a"flood season back dry"situation.Based on long-term hydrologic data of Datong Station in the Yangtze River compiled from 1950–2022,the P-III curve in hydrologic frequency computation was used to analyze the incoming water resources of the Yangtze River basin under different guarantee rates.Combined with the compiled hydrologic data of Xuliujing Station from 2005–2022,the transiting water resources in the Shanghai section of the Yangtze River were analyzed in the years of high,median,and low flow,and in the dry season.In the case of dry season or"flood season back dry,"the saltwater intrusion in the Yangtze estuary was the most important factor restricting the utilization of water resources in the Shanghai section.When the saltwater intrusion lasts longer than the emergency supply days of the reservoir,it is necessary to strengthen emergency dispatching between different water sources.In this situation,the water source of the upper reaches of the Huangpu River will be activated and usage of the inland water intake and the proportion of water supply from upstream sources of the Huangpu River and inland rivers is increased.Simultaneously,the water window period should be exploited to replenish the reservoir.

关 键 词：水资源 长江原水 咸潮入侵 供水安全 水量分析 长江上海段 

分 类 号：TV213.9[水利工程—水文学及水资源]