人工智能深度伪造技术对个人名誉权的侵害与法律保护——基于《民法典》的探讨  

Infringement of Artificial Intelligence Deep Forgery Technology on Personal Reputation Right and Its Legal Protection-Discussion Based on the Civil Code

作　　者：刁生富[1] 刘芳 DIAO Shengfu;LIU Fang(School of Law and Intellectual Property,Foshan University of Science and Technology,Foshan Guangdong 528000,China;School of Marxism,Foshan University of Science and Technology,Foshan Guangdong 528000,China)

机构地区：[1]佛山科学技术学院法学与知识产权学院,广东佛山528000 [2]佛山科学技术学院马克思主义学院,广东佛山528000

出　　处：《南阳师范学院学报》2023年第5期12-19,共8页Journal of Nanyang Normal University

基　　金：广东省哲学社会科学规划项目“数字孪生的人文主义哲学研究”,项目编号:GD21CZX03;广东省哲学社会科学规划项目“数字孪生虚拟空间的伦理研究”,项目编号:GD22CZX04。

摘　　要：《民法典》针对名誉权保护领域存在的突出问题作了较为详细的规定:厘清名誉和名誉权的内涵、协调个人名誉保护与公共媒体监督之间的关系、明确文艺创作与名誉权保护的关系、赋予民事主体更正删除权。在现有法律框架内,作为人工智能分支的深度伪造技术对个人名誉权造成侵犯:个人信息泄露,破坏受害人心理屏障;搜集材料困难导致证明个人名誉权损害较难;个人合法权利受侵,行使更正权受限;物质损害补偿难以抚慰受害者。针对上述问题与成因,亟待从《民法典》的角度,加强对个人信息安全保护,继续推进网络实名制;举证责任倒置,减轻举证负担;优化网络侵权规则,设定初步审查义务;采取事后救济,完善民事精神赔偿等,以实现深度伪造技术下《民法典》对个人名誉权的有效保护。The newly issued Civil Code has made detailed provisions on the prominent problems existing in the field of reputation protection:clarifying the connotation of reputation and right of reputation,coordinating the relationship between personal reputation protection and public media supervision,clarifying the relationship between literary and artistic creation and the right of reputation protection,and endowing civil subjects with the right to correct and delete.Within the existing legal framework,deep forgery technology,as a branch of artificial intelligence,infringes on personal reputation:personal information is leaked and the psychological barrier of victims is destroyed;The difficulty in collecting materials makes it difficult to prove the damage of personal reputation right;Personal legal rights are infringed,and the exercise of the right of correction is limited;Compensation for material damage is difficult to comfort the victims.In view of the above problems and causes,it is urgent to strengthen the protection of personal information security from the perspective of Civil Code and continue to promote network real-name registration system;The burden of proof is reversed to reduce the burden of proof;Optimize the rules of network infringement and set the obligation of preliminary examination;Take relief after the event and improve civil mental compensation,etc.,to realize the effective protection of personal reputation right in the Civil Code under the deep forgery technology.

关 键 词：《民法典》 深度伪造 个人名誉权 保护 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]