基于^(15)N示踪的炭氮耦合对番茄氮素吸收利用效益的影响  

Effect of biochar and nitrogen coupling nitrogen absorption and utilization benefits for tomato based on^(15)N tracing

作　　者：郑健[1,2,3] 石聪 杨少鸿 宿智鹏 刘俊彦 ZHENG Jian;SHI Cong;YANG Shaohong;SU Zhipeng;LIU Junyan(College of Energy and Power Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou,Gansu 730050,China;Key Laboratory of Complementary Energy Supply System of Biomass Energy and Solar Energy,Lanzhou,Gansu 730050,China;China Northwestern Collaborative Innovation Center of Low-carbon Urbanization Technologies,Lanzhou,Gansu 730050,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院,甘肃兰州730050 [2]甘肃省生物质能与太阳能互补供能系统重点实验室,甘肃兰州730050 [3]西北低碳城镇支撑技术协同创新中心,甘肃兰州730050

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2023年第9期933-942,共10页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51969012);甘肃省教育厅产业支撑计划项目(2021CYZC-27,2021CYZC-33)。

摘　　要：为探讨分根交替灌溉下,不同生物炭添加量和施氮量对番茄氮素吸收利用规律的影响,应用^(15)N示踪技术,以番茄为研究对象开展盆栽试验,试验设置3种生物炭添加水平和3种施氮水平.结果表明,株高和茎粗在生物炭添加量为2%、施氮量为450 kg/hm^(2)时最大,干物质质量在生物炭添加量为2%、施氮量为300 kg/hm^(2)时最大;添加生物炭和增加施氮量均能促进番茄各器官对^(15)N肥料和全氮的积累,增加^(15)N残留量和^(15)N吸收量;添加生物炭会降低肥料贡献率,但能够显著增加番茄吸收土壤氮的比例、^(15)N回收率和^(15)N利用率.添加生物炭可有效提高番茄产量、水分利用效率和品质,其中处理B2N2的产量最高,为2.61 kg/株,品质也较其他处理有显著提高.基于组合赋权的TOPSIS法评价番茄综合效益结果表明,分根交替灌溉下,生物炭添加量为2%、施氮量为300 kg/hm^(2)(处理B2N2)为试验条件下的最佳种植模式.To explore the effect of biochar on crop nitrogen absorption and atilization under alternate partial root-zone irrigation,the effects of^(15)N labelled nitrogen sources with biochar on plant height,stem diameter and dry matter mass and nitrogen absorption by potted tomato organs were evaluated.The experiment set up with three biochar addition levels combined with three nitrogen application levels.The results show that the tomato plant height and stem thickness are greatest at 2%biochar addition and 450 kg/hm^(2)N application,and dry matter mass is greatest at 2%biochar addition and 300 kg/hm^(2)N application.Both biochar addition and increased N application promote the accumulation of^(15)N fertilizer and total N in all tomato organs,and increase^(15)N residual and^(15)N absorption.Addition of biochar can reduce the nitrogen derived from fertilizer.However it significantly increases soil N absorption,^(15)N recovery rate and^(15)N utilization rate.Addition of biochar can effectively improve the yield of tomato,water use efficiency and quality of tomato.Among them,the B2N2 treatment has the highest yield of 2.61 kg/plant and the quality has effectively improve,compared with other treatments.The results of the TOPSIS method based on combination weighting is used to evaluate the overall efficiency of tomatoes.The result show that the treatment with 2%biochar addition and 300 kg/hm^(2)N application(B2N2)under alternate partial root-zone irrigation is the best planting mode of the conditions of this trial.

关 键 词：番茄 分根交替灌溉 ^(15)N示踪技术 肥料去向 ^(15)N利用率 TOPSIS法 

分 类 号：S27[农业科学—农业水土工程] S216.2[农业科学—农业工程]