地下氧灌对土壤氮素分布及番茄水氮利用效率的影响  

Effects of underground oxygen irrigation on soil nitrogen distribution and water and nitrogen utilization efficiency of tomato

作　　者：张哲 杨润亚[2] 朱瑾瑾 张振华[4] 耿亚军 孙军娜 周义堂 徐娜 ZHANG Zhe;YANG Runya;ZHU Jinjin;ZHANG Zhenhua;GENG Yajun;SUN Junna;ZHOU Yitang;XU Na(School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Ludong University,Yantai,Shandong 264025,China;School of Life Sciences,Ludong University,Yantai,Shandong 264025,China;College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;School of Hydraulic Engineering,Ludong University,Yantai,Shandong 264025,China)

机构地区：[1]鲁东大学资源与环境工程学院,山东烟台264025 [2]鲁东大学生命科学学院,山东烟台264025 [3]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨陵712100 [4]鲁东大学水利工程学院,山东烟台264025

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2023年第9期952-958,965,共8页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金：山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2020CXGC010808-05);山东省自然科学基金资助项目(ZR2020MD101)。

摘　　要：为了探寻地下氧灌条件下提升温室番茄水氮利用率并降低土壤矿质态氮残留的水、肥、气综合方案,研究了不同水平加氧量、施氮量和灌水量因素对土壤矿质态氮分布、番茄各器官全氮质量比、番茄氮素吸收量、氮素利用效率、灌溉水利用效率IWUE、氮肥偏生产力PFPN和产量的影响.结果表明,中氧处理(20 mg/L)30~60 cm土层NO_(3)^(-)-N质量比相较于低氧(10 mg/L)、不加氧处理分别提升了46.68%和32.47%.灌水量的增加显著提高了0~20 cm土层NO_(3)^(-)-N的质量比.中氮处理(225 kg/hm^(2))0~30 cm土层NO_(3)^(-)-N质量比,以及0~20 cm和40~60 cm土层NH_(4)^(+)-N质量比高于低氮(150 kg/hm^(2))和高氮(300 kg/hm^(2))处理;高氮处理相较于中氮、低氮处理,番茄果实全氮质量比分别提升了27.33%和33.33%,中氮处理下根系全氮质量比最高,为29.67 g/kg.加氧量对IWUE和PFPN的影响具有统计学意义(P<0.05),中氧处理番茄产量相较于低氧、不加氧处理分别提高了11.20%和18.41%.综合考虑,建议黏质壤土条件下设置加氧量为20 mg/L、施氮量为150 kg/hm^(2)、作物蒸发皿系数取1.00为实际种植番茄时的方案.In order to explore the comprehensive scheme for improving the water,fertilizer and gas to tomato yield,the utilization efficiency of water and nitrogen of greenhouse tomatoes and reducing the residual soil mineral nitrogen under underground oxygen irrigation.The effects of different levels of oxygen,nitrogen application and irrigation amount on soil mineral nitrogen distribution,total nitrogen content in tomato organs,nitrogen uptake,nitrogen use efficiency,irrigation water use efficiency(IWUE),partial nitrogen fertilizer productivity(PFPN)and yield were investigated.The results show that the NO_(3)^(-)-N mass concentration in 30-60 cm soil layer in medium oxygen treatment(20 mg/L)increases by 46.68%and 32.47%,respectively,compared with that in low oxygen treatment(10 mg/L)and no oxygen treatment,respectively.The increase of irrigation amount significantly increases the NO_(3)^(-)-N concentration in 0-20 cm soil layer.The NO_(3)^(-)-N concentration in 0-30 cm soil layer and the ammonium-nitrogen concentration in 0-20 cm and 40-60 cm soil layer in medium nitrogen treatment(225 kg/hm^(2))are higher than those in low(150 kg/hm^(2))and high(300 kg/hm^(2))nitrogen treatment,respectively.Compared with medium nitrogen and low nitrogen treatments,the total nitrogen concentration of tomato fruits under high nitrogen treatment increases by 27.33%and 33.33%,respectively.The root total nitrogen concentration under medium nitrogen treatment is the highest(29.67 g/kg).The effects of oxygen addition on IWUE and PFPN are statistically significant(P<0.05),the tomato yield of medium oxygen treatment increases by 11.20%and 18.41%,compares with that of low oxygen and no oxygen treatment,respectively.Based on comprehensive consideration,under the condition of clay loam soil,it is recommended to add 20 mg/L of oxygen,apply 150 kg/hm^(2)of nitrogen,and take the pan evaporation coefficient of 1.00 as the most suitable scheme for the actual planting of tomatoes.

关 键 词：温室番茄 地下氧灌 矿质态氮 水氮利用效率 产量 

分 类 号：S275.4[农业科学—农业水土工程]