5个柿品种抗抽条能力及与枝条水力和解剖性状的关系  

The relationship between the ability of resistance to shoots shriveling of five persimmon varieties and the hydraulic and anatomical characteristics of branches

作　　者：刘毅 刘格格[1] 黄军保 张拥兵 王林 吕英忠[2] LIU Yi;LIU Gege;HUANG Junbao;ZHANG Yongbing;WANG Lin;LU Yingzhong(Forestry College,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong 030801;Institute of Fruit Trees,Shanxi Agricultural University)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学林学院,晋中030801 [2]山西农业大学果树研究所

出　　处：《中国果树》2023年第9期32-38,共7页China Fruits

基　　金：山西省重点研发计划重点项目(201703D211011);2022年度产业引领工程项目(CYYL-22-15-1)。

摘　　要：调查了5个柿品种冬春季1年生枝抽条情况,测定了其水力性状,包括冬春季的凌晨水势、导水损失率、相对电导率、木质部相对含水量变化,同时测定了其形态解剖结构特征,包括皮孔密度、木材密度、韧皮部厚度、木质部厚度、髓心直径、枝条直径、射线面积、导管直径、导管壁厚度、木质部占比、韧皮部占比、韧皮部和木质部厚度比、髓心占比、射线面积占比、不同直径范围导管占比、导管密度、导管面积占比、水力直径、导管抗塌陷阻力等。结果表明,博爱八月黄抗抽条能力最强,其次为胎里红、永济青柿,黑柿、火葫芦易抽条。博爱八月黄表现出较高的低温期(12月)凌晨水势、低温期和春季恢复期(1—4月)木质部相对含水量,较低的冬春季(11月至翌年3月)枝条导水损失率、较低的春季恢复期(3—4月)相对电导率。柿树抽条率与木材密度、射线面积占比、韧皮部和木质部厚度比、导管壁厚度、直径小于40μm的导管占比均呈显著或极显著负相关,与枝条失水速率、皮孔密度、木质部占比均呈显著或极显著正相关。柿树抽条主要与冬春季枝条水分状况有关。此外,抗抽条能力较强的柿品种具有冬春季水分输导维持能力强、失水速度慢、木材密度大、小直径导管占比大等特征,可以作为柿树抗抽条品种筛选的依据。Shoots shriveling is one of the major stresses that persimmon trees are confronted when planted in the north.Studying the differences in resistance to shoots shriveling of different varieties of persimmon trees and their relationships with morphological and physiological indicators is conducive to comparing their capacity of resistance to shoots shriveling,and revealing the physiological mechanism of persimmon tree shoots shriveling in winter and spring.It will provide a theoretical basis for selection of resistant varieties and formulation of targeted protective measures.This study investigated the shoots shriveling of annual branches from five persimmon varieties and measured the hydraulic characteristics of annual branches,including predawn water potential in winter and spring,PLC,relative conductivity,and change of xylem relative water content.At the same time,the morphological and anatomical structural characteristics of different varieties were measured,including lenticel density,xylem density,phloem thickness,xylem thickness,pith diameter,branch diameter,ray area,vessel diameter,and the thickness of the vessel wall,the proportion of xylem,the proportion of phloem,the ratio of phloem to xylem thickness,the proportion of marrow,the proportion of ray area,the proportion of vessels in different diameter ranges,the density of vessels,the proportion of vessel area,the hydraulic diameter,and the vessel pair implosion resistance.The results showed that‘Bo'aibayuehuang'has the strongest ability of resistance to shoots shriveling,followed by‘Tailihong'and‘Yongjiqingshi',‘Heishi'and‘Huohulu'are easy to shriveling.The‘Bo'aibayuehuang'showed high predawn water potential in the low temperature(December),high xylem relative water content in the low temperature and spring recovery periods(from January to April),low branch PLC in winter and spring(from November to March),and low relative conductivity in the spring recovery period(from March to April).The rate of shoots shriveling was a significant or extremely

关 键 词：柿树 抽条 水分状况 相对电导率 形态解剖特征 

分 类 号：S665.2[农业科学—果树学]