中国湖盆细粒重力流沉积作用及其对页岩油“甜点段”发育的影响  

Fine-grained gravity flow sedimentation and its influence on development of shale oil sweet spot intervals in lacustrine basins in China

作　　者：邹才能[1] 冯有良[1] 杨智[1] 蒋文琦 张天舒[1] 张洪[1] 王小妮 朱吉昌 魏琪钊 ZOU Caineng;FENG Youliang;YANG Zhi;JIANG Wenqi;ZHANG Tianshu;ZHANG Hong;WANG Xiaoni;ZHU Jichang;WEI Qizhao(PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,Beijing 100083,China;School of Earth and Space Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083 [2]北京大学地球与空间科学学院,北京100871

出　　处：《石油勘探与开发》2023年第5期883-897,共15页Petroleum Exploration and Development

基　　金：中国石油天然气股份有限公司科技项目(2021DJ18);国家高层次特殊人才支持计划(第4批次)。

摘　　要：通过分析中国陆相湖盆细粒重力流沉积作用的地质条件和过程,建立湖盆细粒重力流沉积模式,揭示细粒沉积和源储发育规律,识别页岩油“甜点段”。研究表明:细粒重力流是深湖环境中重要的沉积作用之一,能把浅水细粒碎屑和有机质搬运到深湖,有利于形成优质烃源岩和页岩油的“甜点段”。中国湖盆深水环境发育的细粒重力流沉积主要是细粒浓缩密度流、细粒浊流(包括浪涌状浊流和细粒异重流)、细粒黏性流(包括细粒碎屑流和泥流)和细粒过渡流沉积。温暖湿润的气候条件下,湖平面升降、洪泛事件和湖底古地貌控制欠补偿型湖盆细粒重力流的沉积分布。湖平面上升期,洪水引发的细粒异重流在湖盆地形平坦的深湖区形成“细粒水道—堤岸—朵叶”体系。湖平面下降期,坳陷湖盆的挠曲坡折及沉积斜坡部位、断陷湖盆的陡坡带发育非限定水道为主的湖底扇体系,断陷湖盆的缓坡及轴向发育限定或非限定水道湖底扇体系,湖底扇扇缘可发育细粒重力流沉积。湖盆四级沉积层序水进可形成富有机质页岩和细粒异重流的沉积,水退可引起细粒浓缩密度流、浪涌状浊流、细粒碎屑流、泥流和细粒过渡流沉积。二叠纪以来中国湖盆页岩层系多个四级层序水进-水退旋回形成了多套源储组合,中国湖盆多样的细粒重力流沉积作用形成了由细粒浓缩密度流、细粒异重流、浪涌状浊流沉积形成的薄层粉砂岩“甜点段”,由细粒过渡流形成的泥岩与粉砂互层的“甜点段”,由细粒碎屑流、泥流沉积等形成的含粉砂屑和泥屑的水平层理泥页岩“甜点段”。湖盆细粒重力流沉积模式的建立,对科学评价页岩油“甜点段”和优质烃源岩具重要意义。The geological conditions and processes of fine-grained gravity flow sedimentation in continental lacustrine basins in China are analyzed to construct the model of fine-grained gravity flow sedimentation in lacustrine basin,reveal the development laws of fine-grained deposits and source-reservoir,and identify the sweet spot intervals of shale oil.The results show that fine-grained gravity flow is one of the important sedimentary processes in deep lake environment,and it can transport fine-grained clasts and organic matter in shallow water to deep lake,forming sweet spot intervals and high-quality source rocks of shale oil.Fine-grained gravity flow deposits in deep waters of lacustrine basins in China are mainly fine-grained high-density flow,fine-grained turbidity flow(including surge-like turbidity flow and fine-grained hyperpycnal flow),fine-grained viscous flow(including fine-grained debris flow and mud flow),and fine-grained transitional flow deposits.The distribution of fine-grained gravity flow deposits in the warm and humid unbalanced lacustrine basins are controlled by lake-level fluctuation,flooding events,and lakebed paleogeomorphology.During the lake-level rise,fine-grained hyperpycnal flow caused by flooding formed fine-grained channel-levee-lobe system in the flat area of the deep lake.During the lake-level fall,the sublacustrine fan system represented by unconfined channel was developed in the flexural slope breaks and sedimentary slopes of depressed lacustrine basins,and in the steep slopes of faulted lacustrine basins;the sublacustrine fan system with confined or unconfined channel was developed on the gentle slopes and in axial direction of faulted lacustrine basins,with fine-grained gravity flow deposits possibly existing in the lower fan.Within the fourth-order sequences,transgression might lead to organic-rich shale and fine-grained hyperpycnal flow deposits,while regression might cause fine-grained high-density flow,surge-like turbidity flow,fine-grained debris flow,mud flow,and fine-grained

关 键 词：细粒沉积 异重流沉积 细粒碎屑流沉积 泥流沉积 细粒过渡流沉积 储集“甜点段” 优质烃源岩 页岩油 

分 类 号：TE122.1[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]