2021年湖南省学校诺如病毒感染暴发疫情流行病学分析  

Epidemiological analysis of norovirus outbreaks in schools in Hunan Province,2021

作　　者：岳文芳[1] 段红英[1] 刘富强[1] 张斯钰[1] 蔡富文 夏梦芝 颜洁[1] YUE Wenfang;DUAN Hongying;LIU Fuqiang;ZHANG Siyu;CAI Fuwen;XIA Mengzhi;YAN Jie(Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Changsha,Hunan 410005,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省疾病预防控制中心,湖南长沙410005

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2023年第8期918-921,共4页Practical Preventive Medicine

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金项目(2019JJ80070)。

摘　　要：目的探讨2021年湖南省学校报告的15起诺如病毒感染暴发的流行病学特征,为制定预防控制策略提供科学依据。方法收集2021年1月1日—12月31日湖南省通过“突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统”中报告的学校诺如病毒感染暴发疫情资料,应用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果2021年湖南省报告学校诺如病毒感染暴发疫情15起,报告病例711例,罹患率为1.70%;主要发生在小学和初中(均为5起),其次为高中(3起);均发生在冬春季(3—4月和12—1月)。疫情传播途径主要为人传人(10起),经水传播(4起)和食物传播(1起)引起的疫情较少;疫情持续时间与疫情报告及时性(r=0.535,P<0.05)、单起疫情发病人数(r=0.809,P<0.001)呈显著或极显著正相关。人传人与经水传播差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=128.32,P<0.001);人传人与经食物传播差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=16.50,P<0.001);而经水传播与经食物传播差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=2.58,P>0.05)。对15起暴发疫情病毒分型,其中8起由GII型诺如病毒引起,占53.33%。结论2021年湖南省学校诺如病毒感染暴发疫情主要发生在小学及初中;传播途径多为人传人。Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of 15 outbreaks of norovirus infection reported by schools in Hunan Province in 2021,and to provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies.Methods We collected the epidemic data regarding outbreaks of norovirus infection in schools reported in the Public Health Emergency Management Information System in Hunan Province from January 1 to December 31,2021,and then analyzed by using descriptive epidemiological methods.Results Hunan Province reported 15 outbreaks of norovirus infection in schools in 2021,with 711 cases reported and the attack rate being 1.70%.The epidemic outbreaks mainly occurred in primary and middle schools(each n=5),followed by high schools(n=3).All the outbreaks occurred in winter and spring(March-April and December-January).The transmission route of the epidemic outbreaks was mainly human-to-human(n=10),and the epidemic outbreaks caused by water-borne transmission(n=4)and food transmission(n=1)were less.The duration of the epidemic outbreaks was significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with the timeliness of the epidemic reporting(r=0.535,P<0.05)and the number of patients in a single outbreak(r=0.809,P<0.001).Statistically significant differences were observed between human-to-human transmission and water-borne transmission(χ^(2)=128.32,P<0.001)as well as between human-to-human transmission and food-borne transmission(χ^(2)=16.50,P<0.001),but no statistically significant difference was found between water-borne transmission and food-borne transmission(χ^(2)=2.58,P>0.05).8 of the 15 outbreaks were caused by GII norovirus,accounting for 53.33%.Conclusion The outbreaks of norovirus infection in Hunan Province in 2021 mainly occurred in primary and middle schools,and the transmission route was mostly human-to-human transmission.

关 键 词：学校 诺如病毒 暴发 流行特征 

分 类 号：R181.2[医药卫生—流行病学]