2011—2021年遂宁地区院前急救疾病流行病学特征分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of diseases treated with pre-hospital first aid in Suining region,2011-2021

作　　者：谢婷 唐雪梅[2] 何诚[1] XIE Ting;TANG Xuemei;HE Cheng(Emergency Center,Suining Central Hospital,Suining,Sichuan 629000,China;Suining Central Hospital,Suining,Sichuan 629000,China)

机构地区：[1]遂宁市中心医院急救中心,四川遂宁629000 [2]遂宁市中心医院,四川遂宁629000

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2023年第8期955-958,共4页Practical Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析遂宁地区近十年院前急救疾病发病的流行病学特征,为今后院前急救疾病预防控制以及救治工作提供参考。方法收集2011年1月—2021年1月遂宁地区院前急救病例共计7656例,使用SPSS 19.0统计软件描述分析院前急救病例种类、季节、人群等分布特征。结果院前急救疾病种类顺位依次为脑血管疾病(2411/7656,31.49%)、创伤(1953/7656,25.51%)、呼吸系统疾病(1752/7656,22.88%)、心血管疾病(731/7656,9.55%)、急性中毒(酒精中毒等)(635/7656,8.29%)以及其他(174/7656,2.27%)。主要季节变化特征表现为:十年间脑血管病院前急救病例发生在冬季构成比例最高,心血管疾病在春季发生的比例最高,创伤在夏季分布比例最高,呼吸系统疾病在冬春季分布比例较高。脑血管疾病、心血管疾病、创伤、呼吸系统疾病院前急救病例构成均以50岁及以上人群为主,而急性中毒(酒精中毒等)以50岁以下人群为主。不同院前急救事件中男性所占比例均高于女性。创伤、呼吸系统疾病、急性中毒(酒精中毒等)院前急救病例在农民/工人职业群体中占比最高,而脑血管疾病和心血管疾病在事业/企业单位职业群体中占比较高。结论心脑血管病在冬春季高发,其院前急救的分布比例也高,提示冬春季此类急症患者较多,特别是病情相对危重需院前急救的比例也较多,需特别关注;呼吸系统疾病在冬春季多发,酒精中毒危重病例在男性多发,也值得关注。可根据疾病季节的变化规律合理安排工作排班任务,对救护车辆、救护人员进行科学调整。农民/工人创伤发病率高于其他职业群体,事业/企业单位就职人员脑血管疾病、心血管疾病发病率高于其他职业群体。应注意开展相关的健康教育,并结合职业特征加以预防。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of diseases treated with pre-hospital first aid in Suining region during the past decade,and to provide references for prevention,control and treatment of diseases treated with pre-hospital first aid in future.Methods We selected a total of 7,656 cases treated with pre-hospital first aid in Suining region from January 2011 to January 2021,and descriptively analyzed the distribution characteristics of disease species,seasons and populations of the cases by SPSS statistical software.Results Disease spectrum of the selected cases was predominated by cerebrovascular diseases(2,411/7,656,31.49%),followed by trauma(1,953/7,656,25.51%),respiratory system diseases(1,752/7,656,22.88%),cardiovascular diseases(731/7,656,9.55%),acute poisoning(alcohol poisoning and so on)(635/7,656,8.29%)and others(174/7,656,2.27%).The main characteristics of seasonal variation demonstrated that the proportion of pre-hospital first aid cases due to cerebrovascular disease during the decade was the highest in winter,that of cases due to cardiovascular disease was the highest in spring,that of cases due to trauma was the highest in summer,and that of cases due to respiratory system diseases was the highest in winter and spring.In terms of the age,the pre-hospital first aid cases due to cerebrovascular disease,cardiovascular diseases,trauma,and respiratory system disease were dominated by the age group 50 and older,and the cases of acute poisoning(alcohol poisoning and so on)were occupied by the group below 50 years of age.Among the pre-hospital first aid cases due to different diseases,the proportion of males was higher than that of females.The pre-hospital first aid cases due to trauma,respiratory diseases and acute poisoning(alcohol poisoning and so on)were mainly farmers/laborers,while the cases due to cerebrovascular diseases and cardiovascular diseases were mostly employees from public institutions/enterprises.Conclusion Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases have a high incide

关 键 词：院前急救 季节变化 流行病学特征 心脑血管病 急性中毒 呼吸系统疾病 

分 类 号：R459.7[医药卫生—急诊医学] R181.3[医药卫生—治疗学]