保留宾语被动构式的语义及其理据性  

Semantics of Retained-Object Passive Construction and Its Motivation

作　　者：姜灿中[1] 文旭[1] JIANG Canzhong;WEN Xu

机构地区：[1]西南大学

出　　处：《中国外语》2023年第4期46-53,共8页Foreign Languages in China

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目“基于层级-互动的构式语法与汉语动结式的论元实现研究”(编号:20XJC740002);重庆市社会科学规划项目“汉语被动式的构式网络演变研究”(编号:2021BS028)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：保留宾语被动构式因其句法特异性而备受学界关注,以往研究大都忽视了它与典型被动构式的关联,也未对其完型语义特征及不同保留宾语被动例示间的理据性予以足够重视。本文基于构式语法理论,聚焦保留宾语被动构式的语义及其理据性问题,认为其构式义为被动致使义,根据搭配动词的语义特征,它有“被动致使-移动变式”“被动致使-结果变式”和“被动致使-接收/失去变式”三类变式。其中,“被动致使-移动变式”以含动介式或动趋式类典型被动构式为理据,继承了其形式语义特征。该变式在历史上出现的时间最早,是原型变式。“被动致使-结果变式”和“被动致使-接收/失去变式”分别以之为理据,是它隐喻扩展和侧显转换的结果。Retained-object Passive Construction(RoPC)is characterized by its syntactic idiosyncrasy which has attracted so much attention from previous studies that its gestalt semantic properties and its link to typical passives as well as the links among its instantiations have been neglected.This paper,adopting a Construction Grammar approach,is concerned with these neglected issues.It is argued that RoPC encodes passive causative meaning and that three verb-class-specific semantic variants can be identified,i.e.,PASSIVE CAUSE-MOTION variant,PASSIVE CAUSE-RESULT variant and PASSIVE CAUSE-RECEIVE/LOSE variant.The PASSIVE CAUSE-MOTION variant inherits the syntax and semantics of typical passive construction with verb-preposition construction or verb-direction construction,rendering it the prototype variant with the diachronic evidence of its earliest appearance.The other two variants are motivated by it in that the PASSIVE CAUSE-RESULT variant is metaphorically extended from it whereas the PASSIVE CAUSERECEIVE/LOSE variant is developed from it through profile shift.

关 键 词：保留宾语被动构式 多义性 理据性 隐喻扩展 侧显转换 

分 类 号：H0-05[语言文字—语言学]