洞庭湖盆地地下水系统与环境研究综述  

A review of groundwater system and environment research in Dongting Lake Basin

作　　者：危润初[1,2,3] 王吾乡 彭向训[1] 欧阳琦 金镇涛 柏道远 WEI Runchu;WANG Wuxiang;PENG Xiangxun;OU-YANG Qi;JIN Zhentao;BAI Daoyuan(School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering,Changsha University of Science&Technology,Changsha 410114,China;Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province,Changsha University of Science&Technology,Changsha 410114,China;Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province,Changsha University of Science&Technology,Changsha 410114,China;Geological Survey Institute of Hunan Province,Changsha 410014,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学水利与环境工程学院,湖南长沙410114 [2]长沙理工大学水沙科学与水灾害防治湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410114 [3]长沙理工大学洞庭湖水环境治理与生态修复湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410114 [4]湖南省地质调查所,湖南长沙410014

出　　处：《长沙理工大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第4期76-88,共13页Journal of Changsha University of Science and Technology:Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学青年基金资助项目(41602264);湖南省自然科学青年基金资助项目(2020JJ5572);湖南省水利厅重点科研项目(XSKJ2019081-09)。

摘　　要：洞庭湖是长江中游重要的调蓄湖泊,其复杂的地下水系统与突出的地下水环境问题持续受到关注。本文从洞庭湖盆地第四纪构造演化、洞庭湖盆地地下水系统结构及洞庭湖区水循环特征、地下水环境及影响因素等3个方面归纳、总结和讨论了相关研究成果,并在此基础上对洞庭湖地下水系统与环境的研究前景进行了展望。洞庭湖盆地第四纪构造活动强烈,在此过程中沉积了平均厚度达150 m的第四纪沉积物,塑造了湖区地下水系统的构造与地层格局。区内地下水系统受盆地整体地形、基底构造格局、含水层分布、地表河湖系统等多因素控制,水循环过程非常复杂。受原生地球化学环境、人类活动等的影响,洞庭湖平原大部分区域地下水存在铁、锰、氨氮、硝酸盐等水质因子超标的问题,其中铁、锰与氨氮的含量还呈现出明显的自平原外围向湖盆腹地逐渐增大的空间分布规律。综合已有研究成果及洞庭湖平原在水资源配置、湿地保护、生态环境治理等方面的需求,认为未来洞庭湖地下水系统与环境的研究重点是:1)洞庭湖平原垂向交互带水分交换过程及生物地球化学演替规律;2)复杂河湖系统下洞庭湖地下水系统的尺度分异及地表水-地下水的交互作用;3)洞庭湖平原多要素耦合作用下湖区平原水环境演化机制。Dongting Lake is an important storage lake in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River,and its complex groundwater system and prominent groundwater environmental problems have received continuous attention.This paper first summarizes and discusses the research results from three aspects:the Quaternary tectonic evolution,structure and circulation characteristics of groundwater system,and groundwater environment and associated influencing factors of the Dongting Lake Basin.Then,the research prospects of the groundwater system and environment of Dongting Lake were presented.The strong Quaternary tectonic activity in the Dongting Lake Basin has accumulated and deposited Quaternary sediments with an average thickness of 150 m,shaping the tectonic and stratigraphic pattern for the groundwater system in the lake area.The groundwater system in the Dongting Lake area is controlled by multiple factors such as the overall topography of the basin,basement tectonic pattern,aquifer distribution,and surface river and lake systems,and the water circulation process is very complex.Influenced by the primary geochemical environment and human activities,groundwater in a large area of the Dongting Lake Plain has problems of water quality factors exceeding the standards,such as iron,manganese,ammonia,and nitrogen,and many water quality factors show obvious spatial distribution patterns.Based on the existing research results and the needs of the Dongting Lake Plain in terms of water resources allocation,wetland protection,and ecological environment management.This paper argues that future research on the groundwater system and environment of Dongting Lake will be focused on 1)the water exchange process and its biogeochemical succession law in the vertical interaction zone of Dongting Lake plain area,2)the scale differentiation and surface water-groundwater interaction of the Dongting Lake groundwater system under the complex river-lake system,and 3)the water environment evolution mechanism of the lake plain under the coupling effect of

关 键 词：洞庭湖 构造演化 地下水系统 水循环 地下水环境 重金属 

分 类 号：P942[天文地球—自然地理学]