基于“点阵式”绳播的小麦播种模式研究  

Study on Wheat Sowing Mode Based on"Dot Matrix"Rope Sowing

作　　者：宋朝玉[1] 宫明波[1] 王圣健[1] 王瑞英[1] SONG Chaoyu;GONG Mingbo;WANG Shengjian;WANG Ruiying(Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qingdao,Shandong 266100,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛市农业科学研究院,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《天津农业科学》2023年第9期12-16,24,共6页Tianjin Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：为了筛选适宜小麦—玉米周年滴灌水肥一体化的小麦播种模式,在青岛市农科院作物试验场采用“点阵式”绳播方式研究了不同播种模式对小麦群体动态、干物质积累转运和籽粒产量的影响。以小麦品种‘青农2号’为试材,共设20 cm(行距)/3 cm(幅宽)常规条播(对照)、30 cm+“一条线”、30 cm/3 cm、30 cm/6 cm、30 cm/9 cm、30 cm/12 cm、30 cm/15 cm和12.5 cm+“一条线”共8个处理。结果表明:“点阵式”绳播方式利于提高种子排列均匀度;在行距30 cm条件下,冬前分蘖数、春季最大分蘖数、单位面积穗数、穗粒数、千粒质量、开花期地上干质量、成熟期地上干质量和籽粒产量随幅宽增加呈先增后降趋势;与常规行距20 cm条播相比,30 cm宽行播种会降低单位面积穗数,但能增加穗粒数和千粒质量。30 cm/9 cm的宽幅播种模式和行距12.5 cm的窄行精播模式的小麦籽粒产量分别比常规条播方式增产9.1%和7.6%,可以作为小麦玉米周年滴灌水肥一体化技术的配套播种模式推广应用。In order to screen the suitable wheat sowing mode of wheat and corn annual drip irrigation water and fertilizer integration,the effects of different sowing modes on wheat population dynamics,dry matter accumulation and transport and grain yield were studied in the crop test field of Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Sciences by using"dot matrix"rope sowing method.In the experiment,wheat variety'Qing-nong 2'was used as the test material,and a total of eight treatments were set up:20 cm(row spacing)/3 cm(width)as control mode,30 cm+"one line",30 cm/3 cm,30 cm/6 cm,30 cm/9 cm,30 cm/12 cm,30 cm/15 cm and 12.5 cm+"one line".The results showed that the"dot matrix"rope-seeding method was beneficial to improve the uniformity of seed arrangement.Under the condition of 30 cm row spacing,the number of tillers before winter,maximum number of tillers in spring,spike number per unit area,kernel number per spike,1000-kernel weight,aboveground dry weight at flowering stage,aboveground dry weight at maturity stage and the grain yield increased first and then decreased with the increase of seedling belt width.Compared with conventional 20 cm row spacing,Sowing in rows 30 cm wide decreased spike number per unit area but increased kernel number per spike and 1000-grain weight.The wheat grain yield of 30 cm/9 cm wide sowing mode and 12.5 cm narrow row precision sowing mode increased by 9.1%and 7.6%,respectively,compared with the conventional strip sowing mode,which could be used as a supporting seeding mode of wheat-maize annual drip irrigation water and fertilizer integration technology.

关 键 词：点阵式 绳播 宽幅播种 窄行精播 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学] S351.152