生物有机肥配施改良剂对滨海盐土的改良效果研究  

Study on the Improvement Effect of Bioorganic Fertilizer Combined with Modifier on Coastal Saline Soil

作　　者：江胜国[1,2] JIANG Shengguo(Tianjin North China Geological Exploration Bureau,Tianjin 300170,China;Tianjin Geology Research and Marine Geological Center,Tianjin 300170,China)

机构地区：[1]天津华北地质勘查局,天津300170 [2]天津市地质研究和海洋地质中心,天津300170

出　　处：《天津农业科学》2023年第9期53-60,67,共9页Tianjin Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：土壤盐渍化是限制滨海地区生态环境及农业经济发展的关键因素。为提高滨海盐土的土壤生产力,探索适宜于滨海盐土改良的有效措施,以滨海盐渍稻田土为研究对象,设计不同物料组合添加,分析有机肥、有机肥+禾康、有机肥+黑里俏、有机肥+黄腐酸钾、对照处理下的土壤基本理化性状的变化及其对水稻产量影响。结果表明:不同有机无机处理的表层土壤[质量]密度降低了3.9%~11.4%,土壤孔隙度增加了7%~44%;土壤pH值和盐分含量最低的为有机肥+禾康处理。有机物料添加提高了土壤养分含量,有机肥+禾康处理的SOC、AN、AP含量均显著高于其他处理,而有机肥+黄腐酸钾处理的AK含量最高(294 mg·kg^(-1));与CK对比,有机无机处理土壤脲酶活性显著提高19%~38%,其中有机肥+黄腐酸钾处理的脲酶活性和碱性磷酸酶活性均显著高于其他处理。不同处理水稻产量在9030~10699 kg·hm^(-2)之间,相比较于对照增加了4.5%~18.4%,其中有机肥+茎腐酸钾处理的水稻产量和千粒质量最高。基于RDA分析,认为土壤孔隙度和氮素是影响水稻产量的主要因素,影响率分别为39.1%、21.1%。综合分析得出,不同物料组合模式中有机肥+禾康和有机肥+黄腐酸钾的改良效果较优。Soil salinization belongs to the key factor limiting the development of coastal ecological environment and agricultural economy.In order to improve the soil productivity of coastal saline soil and explore effective measures which are suitable for the improvement of coastal saline soil,this paper took paddy soil of the coastal saline as the research object to design 5 experimental treatments with different material combinations,including organic fertilizer,organic fertilizer+hekang,organic fertilizer+heiliqiao,organic fertilizer+potassium fulvic acid and control plot,which analyzed the changes of soil basic physical and chemical properties and their effects on rice yield.The results showed that surface soil bulk density decreased by 3.9%-11.4%and soil porosity increased by 7%―44%under different organic and inorganic treatments.The lowest pH and salt content of soil was found in organic fertilizer+hekang treatment.The content of SOC,AN and AP in organic fertilizer+hekang treatment was significantly higher than other treatments,while the content of AK in Organic fertilizer+BSFA treatment was the highest(294 mg·kg^(-1)).Compared with CK,soil urease activity in organic and inorganic treatments was significantly increased by 19%-38%,and urease activity and alkaline phosphatase activity in organic fertilizer+BSFA treatment were significantly higher than other treatments.Rice yield under different treatments was between 9030 kg·hm^(-2)-10699 kg·hm^(-2),increased by 4.5%-18.4%compared with CK,and rice yield and thousand-grain weight under organic fertilizer+BSFA treatment were the highest.Based on RDA analysis,it was concluded that soil porosity and nitrogen were the main factors affecting rice yield,and the influencing rates were 39.1%and 21.1%respectively.The comprehensive analysis shows that the improvement effect of organic fertilizer+hekang and organic fertilizer+potassium fulvic acid is better in different material combination modes.

关 键 词：生物有机肥 滨海盐渍土 土壤理化性状 水稻产量 冗余分析 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学]