基于RUSLE的鄱阳湖流域土壤侵蚀时空特征及影响因素分析  

Analysis of Spatio-Temporal Change and Influencing Factors of Soil Erosion in Poyang Lake Basin Based on RUSLE

作　　者：谭永滨[1,2,3] 谢剑亮 冉江华 王毓乾[1,2,3] 艾金泉 唐瑶 王瑛 TAN Yongbin;XIE Jianliang;RAN Jianghua;WANG Yuqian;AI Jinquan;TANG Yao;WANG Ying(Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Monitoring and Improving around Poyang Lake,Ministry of Natural Resources/East China University of Technology,Nanchang 330013,China;CNNC Engineering Research Center of 3D Geographic Information,East China University of Technology,Nanchang 330013,China;School of Surveying and Geoinformation Engineering,East China University of Technology,Nanchang 330013,China;China Energy Engineering Group Yunnan Electric Power Design Institute Co.Ltd,Kunming 650051,China)

机构地区：[1]东华理工大学/自然资源部环鄱阳湖区域矿山环境监测与治理重点实验室,南昌330013 [2]东华理工大学中核三维地理信息工程技术研究中心,南昌330013 [3]东华理工大学测绘与空间信息工程学院,南昌330013 [4]中国能源建设集团云南省电力设计院有限公司,昆明650051

出　　处：《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第9期46-56,共11页Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41861052);自然资源部环鄱阳湖区域矿山环境监测与治理重点实验室开放基金项目(MEMI-2021-2022-24);江西省自然科学基金项目(20202BABL202045).

摘　　要：土壤侵蚀是当今全球面临的重要生态问题,也是全球水土流失研究的重要内容.以鄱阳湖流域为研究区,基于修正通用土壤流失方程(The Revised Universal Soil loss Equation,RUSLE)模型估算2000-2019年间5个时期研究区的土壤侵蚀强度,并分析各影响因子及土壤侵蚀强度的时空分布特征,以及研究区内地形因子对土壤侵蚀分布的影响.结果表明:①流域内降雨侵蚀因子R均值介于9549~15371(MJ·mm)/(hm^(2)·h·a)之间,土壤可蚀性因子K均值为0.02922(t·km^(2)·h)/(km^(2)·MJ·mm),坡长坡度因子LS均值为3.91,植被覆盖与管理因子C均值介于0.081~0.094之间,水土保持措施因子P均值介于0.3781~0.3870之间;②鄱阳湖流域5个年度的平均土壤侵蚀模数分别为882.10,1244.32,1463.72,964.82,794.74 t/(km^(2)·a),流域内整体属于轻度侵蚀等级,土壤侵蚀状况在2015年、2019年得到很大好转;③研究区内土壤侵蚀强度在海拔及坡向上的分布具有一定的稳定性,[100,200)m区域是海拔900 m以下土壤侵蚀强度最高的区域,在900 m以上地区,侵蚀强度随海拔升高急剧增加,流域内朝向偏东北区域的土壤侵蚀强度大于朝向偏西南区域.总体上,流域内水土流失治理应重点关注极强烈及剧烈侵蚀地区、平原与丘陵交界地区、高海拔地区,应加强对朝向偏东北方向区域水土保持措施的实施.Soil erosion is an important ecological problem worldwide today,and it is also an important content of global water and soil loss research.In order to macroscopically grasp the history and current situation of soil erosion in Poyang Lake Basin in the past 20 years from 2000 to 2019,based on GIS technology and RUSLE model,this paper uses rainfall data,soil datasets,DEM data,multi-period remote sensing images and land use data from multiple meteorological stations in the study area and surrounding areas to obtain five distribution map of soil erosion impact factors and soil erosion grade in 2000,2005,2010,2015 and 2019,made a quantitative study on the historical status of soil erosion in the basin,analyzed its temporal and spatial variation characteristics,as well as soil erosion distribution on elevation and aspect factors.The results show:①The mean value of rainfall erosion factor R in the basin was between 9549 and 15371(MJ·mm)/(hm^(2)·h·a),the mean value of soil erodibility factor K was 0.02922(t·km^(2)·h)/(km^(2)·MJ·mm),the mean value of slope length and slope steepness factor LS was 3.91,the mean value of vegetation cover and management factor C ranged from 0.081 to 0.094,the mean value of support practice factor P was between 0.3781 and 0.3870.②The five-year average soil erosion modulus of Poyang Lake Basin was 882.10,1244.32,1463.72,964.82,794.74 t/(km^(2)·a),respectively,the overall level of the basin was mild erosion,and the soil erosion situation had been greatly improved in 2015 and 2019.③The distribution of soil erosion intensity in elevation and slope upwards direction in the study area had a certain stability.The soil erosion intensity in the 100-200m area was the highest in the area below 900m altitude.In the area above 900m,the soil erosion intensity increased sharply with the increase of elevation.The soil erosion intensity in the northeast region was greater than that in the southwest region.The control of soil and water loss in the basin should focus on extremely strong and severe

关 键 词：RUSLE模型 鄱阳湖流域 土壤侵蚀 时空变化 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]