冷热应激对牛的影响及相关防控措施的研究进展  

Research progress on effect of cold and heat stress on cattle and related prevention and control measures

作　　者：皇甫明科 敖日格乐[1] 王纯洁[2] 陈浩 斯木吉德[1] 赵鹏飞 吴怡 李晓睿 HUANGFU Ming-ke;AO Ri-gele;WANG Chun-jie;CHEN Hao;SI Mujide;ZHAO Peng-fei;WU Yi;LI Xiao-rui

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学动物科学学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [2]内蒙古农业大学兽医学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《饲料研究》2023年第17期131-136,共6页Feed Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(项目编号:2018YFD0501700);国家自然科学基金项目(项目编号:31660677,31772650);内蒙古自治区草原英才工程项目。

摘　　要：冷热应激会使牛的生产性能、繁殖性能、免疫能力、抗氧化能力下降,严重时会导致死亡。因此,为尽可能降低冷热应激的不良影响,机体会激活下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质轴(HPA)、下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴(HPT)以及交感-肾上腺-髓质轴(SAM)对机体进行调控。目前缓解冷热应激的方法有物理方法、营养调控、基因筛选,其中关于营养调控和基因筛选方面研究较少。文章总结了冷热应激的概念、判定标准及其对牛的影响,提出调控冷热应激的方法及抗冷热应激品种的选育,为深入研究冷热应激、提高养殖经济效益提供参考。Heat and cold stress can reduce the production performance,reproductive performance,immune and antioxidant capacity of cattle,and even lead to death.Therefore,in order to reduce the adverse effect of heat and cold stress as much as possible,cattle will activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal cortical axis(HPA),hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis(HPT)and sympathetic-adrenal-medullary axis(SAM)to regulate body.At present,the methods to relieve heat and cold stress include physical methods,nutrient regulation and gene screening,but there are few researches on nutrient regulation and gene screening.The paper summarizes the concept,criterion and influence of heat and cold stress on cattle,and puts forward methods to regulate heat and cold stress and the breeding of varieties resistant to heat and cold stress,to provide reference for further research on heat and cold stress and improve economic benefits of breeding.

关 键 词：奶牛 肉牛 热应激 冷应激 生产性能 热休克蛋白 

分 类 号：S815[农业科学—畜牧学]