1979—2021年雅鲁藏布江流域雪深时空特征研究  

Study on spatiotemporal characteristics of snow cover depth in Yarlung Zangbo River basin in 1979-2021

作　　者：徐小蓉 田园诗 孙其诚[2] 金峰[2] 张尚弘[1] XU Xiaorong;TIAN Yuanshi;SUN Qicheng;JIN Feng;ZHANG Shanghong(School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,North China Electric Power University,Beijing 102206,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]华北电力大学水利与水电工程学院,北京102206 [2]清华大学水圈科学与水利工程全国重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《水力发电学报》2023年第9期58-69,共12页Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52209161);清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室开放基金项目(sklhse-2022-C-03);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2023MS071)。

摘　　要：雅鲁藏布江流域地处高原寒区,研究该地区的积雪时空分布对工程建设和雪灾防治有重要意义。基于1979—2021年中国雪深长时间序列数据集、中国逐月气温与降水量数据集,采用Mann-Kendall趋势分析法和皮尔森相关分析法研究雅江流域的积雪深度特性。结果表明:积雪深度在空间分布上呈现“两端高、中间低”,西部源头处与东北部边缘地区有深厚积雪覆盖;积雪主要分布于海拔4000~5200 m、坡度小于35°范围内,其中最高雪深值分布在约4850 m;1979—2021年平均雪深以0.032 cm/a的速率减少,2017年经历了43年间的最低雪深值,近几年逐渐回升到多年平均水平;年平均气温以约0.024℃/a的速度升高,其与雪深呈现显著负相关性。The Yarlung Zangbo River(YZR)basin is located in a cold plateau area.Understanding the spatiotemporal characteristics of its snow cover is of great significance to the construction of projects and the prevention and control of snow disasters.In this study,the characteristics of snow depth in this basin are examined using the Mann-Kendall trend analysis and Pearson correlation analysis,based on the snow cover depth data set of China(1979-2021)and the monthly precipitation and temperature data set of China.The results show the snow cover depth presents a spatial trend of higher at two ends and lower in the middle,with a deep snow cover over the river sources in the west and over the northeastern margin.The snow cover is distributed mostly at an elevation of 4000-5200 m with a slope milder than 35°,and the deepest snow is mostly located around the elevation of 4850 m.During 1979-2021,the annual average snow depth decreased at a rate of 0.032 cm/a,taking its lowest value in the year of 2017.In recent years,the snow depth has gradually rebounded to the multi-year average level.The annual mean temperature is increasing at a rate of about 0.024℃/a,and it has a significant negative correlation with snow cover depth.

关 键 词：雅鲁藏布江流域 积雪深度 时空分布 气象因子 水电开发 

分 类 号：TV11[水利工程—水文学及水资源] P461[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]