政府产业扶持、大国技术竞争与韩国三星的成长  

Industrial Support Policy,Great Powers'Technology Competition and Samsung's Growth

作　　者：罗仪馥 Luo Yifu(Institute of World Economics and Politics,Chi-nese Academy of Social Sciences)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界经济与政治研究所、发展研究中心

出　　处：《战略决策研究》2023年第5期73-102,104,共31页Journal of Strategy and Decision-Making

基　　金：中国人民大学2023-2025年度明德研究品牌计划“中国经济外交的理论与实践”(项目号:14XNJ006)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：超级企业是指规模庞大、国际竞争力领先,能够驾驭跨国产业链与供应链并对国家间关系产生影响的企业。既有实践与研究表明,大多数超级企业的成长需要以母国的大国资源或大国权力为支撑。但作为电子信息产业的超级企业代表,三星所属的韩国并非通常意义上的大国,这意味着一般的超级企业分析框架难以解释三星的成长。本文以超级企业的特征为基础,结合以韩国为代表的中小国家的特征,将相关企业的成长划分为“国内崛起”和“国际扩张”两个阶段,概述了政府产业扶持的“马太效应”与大国技术竞争的“渔翁效应”在中小国家超级企业成长不同阶段所发挥的作用。20世纪60年代末至80年代中后期,在韩国政府电子信息产业政策的集中扶持下,三星崛起为国家冠军企业;20世纪80年代中后期以来,美日半导体之战和中美技术战则先后促成三星的两轮国际扩张,并逐步成为全球超级企业。本文认为,尽管中小国家国内资源有限,在国际关系中也相对处于弱势,但以适当的国内政策为根基,借助有利的国际条件,同样可以培育强大的超级企业。Megacorporation refers to enterprises with large scale and leading international competitiveness,which can dominate transnational production networks or supply chains and have an impact on international relations.Existing research and practice show that the growth of most of megacorporations have depended on domestic resources or international power of their home countries as great powers.Samsung is a megacorporation in electronic information industry.The fact that it does not belong to any great power challenges the existing framework on mega⁃corporation.Based on the characteristics of megacorporation and small or medium-sized country like South Korea,Samsung's growth can be divided into two stages as“rise in the domestic level”and“expansion in the international level”.The“Matthew effect”of industrial support from government and“Fisherman effect”of great powers'technology competition play key roles in the above two stages respectively.From the late 1960s to the middle and late 1980s,with the centralized support of the Korean government's electronic information industry policy,Samsung grew into a national champion.Since the middle and late 1980s,the US-Japan semiconductor war and the Sino-US technology competition have successively contributed to two rounds of interna⁃tional expansion of Samsung.Samsung thus become a global megacorporation.This paper argues that although small or medium-sized countries have scarcer resources domestically and weaker positions in international relations,they can also grow powerful megacorporations by adopting right policies and having favorable international conditions.

关 键 词：超级企业 政府产业扶持 大国技术竞争 三星 

分 类 号：F416.63[经济管理—产业经济] F113